Lorraine Hansberry s A Raisin - 981 Words

In A Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberry portrays the Younger family as a struggling black family in Chicago at a pivotal time period for race relations in America shortly after the conclusion of World War II. Hansberry uses the three main characters of Walter, Lena (Mama), and Beneatha in order to emphasize the theme of family and the American Dream, whether that be the hard to get along with Walter and his self pity, or the kind and warm hearted Mama and her constant struggle to keep her children in line, or the educated and expressive Beneatha who just wants to find herself and explore her roots. Ultimately, by the end of the story, they work out their problems and show the values of family as they move to a new house in a white neighborhood where they will surely be oppressed. At the beginning of the story we are introduced to the Younger family living in a run down two-bedroom apartment in the Chicago slums. The Younger family consists of Lena Younger (Mama), her son, Walter Y ounger with his wife Ruth and their son Travis, and her daughter Beneatha Younger. They all are struggling in financial and social standards, but that all could all change with an insurance check for ten thousand dollars from Mama’s husband who has passed away. This check sends a rift through the Younger family as they all have different ideas for how the money should be used. This is where the theme of family and also the idea of the American dream come into play as they all fight over how theShow MoreRelatedLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1120 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A raisin in the sun† was written by Lorraine Hansberry. The play was not expected to do so well because it had one white cast member, an inexperienced director, and an untried playwright. Set in the south side of Chicago in the 1950s, the play begins in the morning in the Youngers apartment. Their apartment has two bedrooms, one for mama and Beneatha, and one for Ruth and Walter, while Walter’s s on Travis sleeps on the couch in the living room. Ruth gets up first and talks and Walter and TravisRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1474 Words   |  6 PagesLorraine Hansberry created the play A Raisin in the Sun. A Raisin in the Sun recounts an anecdote about The Youngers who is a poor African American family living on the Southside of Chicago. A chance to escape from neediness comes as a $10,000 extra security watch that the female authority of the family (Lena/Mama) gets upon her significant other s passing. Lena s kids, Walter and Beneatha, each have plans with the cash. The most established child, Walter (a man of 35 with a spouse and a youthfulRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1758 Words   |  8 Pagesare located right within the â€Å"Black Metropolis†. Lorraine Hansberry’s play A Raisin in the Sun takes place in Southside Chicago in the 1950s. It revolves around the Younger family who bought a house in a white neighborhood with the money of Big Wa lter’s insurance check. But they are facing problems from the neighborhood as the â€Å"welcoming committee† offers to buy the house of off them just so they will not move into the neighborhood. In the play A Raisin in the Sun one of the many issues the YoungerRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1278 Words   |  6 Pages A Raisin In The Sun by Lorraine Hansberry is a realistic fictional drama in which the play s title and the characters represent the play s theme. The play focused on black American struggles to reach the American Dream of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness during the 1950’s and the 1960’s. The idea of everyone having the chance to achieve a better life should exist for all. Hansberry created her title using a line from Langston Hughes’ poem â€Å"A Dream Deferred† the original poem wasRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin869 Words   |  4 Pagesand I pass them cool quiet looking restaurants where them white boys are sitting back and talking bout things†¦sitting there turning deals worth millions of dollars†¦sometimes I see guys don’t look much older than me’’- (1.2.226). A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry was published in 1959, develops the plot of an African American family facing a war against racism in the slums of Chicago. They are a family of 5 squeezed in a two-bedroom apartment, they are restricted socially and financially withRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1147 Words   |  5 PagesIn A Raisin In The Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. Broward College, Central Campus Theater in building 6, on Sunday, the 1st of November. The play was performed by Broward College students. The type of stage was Proscenium stage with extended apron. I thought it was a little bit small, but it did not show as a problem. The pre-show was dark and a feel of suspense. I felt excited to see how everything would play out. The play takes place down south of Chicago in the 1950’s. The production was much aRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin1995 Words   |  8 Pages In A Raisin in the Sun, Lorraine Hansberry utilizes the insurance check to symbolize the American Dream as the check provides the members of Younger family with the opportunity to achieve their aspirations. The concept of the check reveals Walter’s and Mama’s perceptions of themselves and of their lifestyle, and their responses to the check reveals their contrasting approaches for escaping their impoverished world; therefore, Walter’s and Mama’s characteristics and reaction to the arrival of theRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin Of The Sun1527 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† is about the Younger Family who live in a small apartment in Chicago. The family is torn apart as every member has different dreams and goals, yet Mama and her daughter-in-law Ruth desperately attempt to hold the family all together. In both the movie and the play, the family’s dreams remain the same. Mama wants her family to get along and she wants t o purchase a house. Her son, Walter, wants the life insurance money from his father to invest in a liquor store to achieve hisRead MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pages A Raisin in the Sun is a dramatic play written by Lorraine Hansberry in 1957 and debut on Broadway in 1959. Lorraine Hansberry used the title A Raisin in the Sun from Harlem A Dream Deferred a poem by Langston Hughes, Which ponders the question of what happens to a dream if it’s never achieved. The play helps shed light on the lives and struggles of a black family during the Civil Rights movement. The play was set in the Southside of Chicago during the Civil Rights movement, sometime between 1945Read MoreLorraine Hansberry s A Raisin982 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor is talking about, it is better to ask them directly in person, but the unfortunate part is that they might be dead. In the play, A Raisin in the Sun, the author, Lorraine Hansberry, choose to name her play from a famous poem by Langston Hughes. It is difficult to really know why she choose Hughes’ poem but there are reasons to infer. Lorraine Hansberry choose to name her play after Langston Hughes’ poem because of what the poem meant and that poem closely related to the characters within the

Media s Influence On Society Essay - 1250 Words

Thanks to being a Western capitalist society the United States has developed a media centered culture. Society has been influenced tremendously by mass media it seems as if it has become a necessity in life. Nine DVDs worth of data per person every day is the amount of all media delivered to consumers whether it be visual or auditorial on a daily basis. As consumers and technology develop that number will continue to increase because of the multi-tasking abilities that will be created (Zverina 13). The hold media has on society happens so often and has become so normalized that humanity just doesn’t respond to the conditioning that is happening without anyone being aware. Media is the everyday persons only source of information from around the country or the world. In todays media centered society it’s hard to not be influenced and manipulated. It happens to everyone. Media helps set the news agenda, frames the details of story and communicates the social desirability o f certain ideas. Mass media utilizes a wide variety of advertising techniques to get their message out and change the minds of people. The increased exposure to mass media has both positive and negative effects on society. Mass media influences society in many different aspects. Developing awareness, building social skills, having media as a platform and industry are positive ways that the media has influenced society in a positive way. Society has always viewed media as a negative influence as well. FromShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Influence On Society1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe media s the most powerful entity on earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that s power. Because they control the minds of the masses† (Ruddy, 2002). Malcolm X, a prominent African American human rights activist, strongly believed that the media played a vital role in how they make society perceive events and people. An issue that is present, historically and currently, is media contributing to racism. When news is reported involvingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1454 Words   |  6 PagesThe Media’s Chokehold The media s influence on society is suffocating and undeniable. Body image has become overwhelmingly present in most media today. The front cover of a magazine may critically exclaim â€Å"so-and-so has cellulite† or â€Å"so and so is too thin†. Popular reality stars like Nicole Polizzi (otherwise known as â€Å"Snooki†) have been criticized for being to large and then criticized for being too thin after dropping the weight. The media teaches people to be unsatisfied with their bodiesRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1269 Words   |  6 Pages The media is full of countless things, it has completely changed the world and is now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is impossible to live without the media today. Along with it being persuasive, informational and a great source for entertainment it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240) and though someRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1256 Words   |  6 PagesThe media are full of countless things, they have completely changed the world we live in and are now a part of our everyday lives (Bookman, 64). With television, radio, newspapers, books, etc†¦ working their way into our everyday lives it is almost impossible to live without the media. Along with it being persuasive, informative and a great source for entertainment, it also has a large binding influence on societies all over the world. Media aspects are radically reshaping the world (Marina 240)Read MoreMedia s Influence On Society1293 Words   |  6 PagesMedia is a major contributor of how social groups are perceived in today’s society. Mediais around us every day almost all day, and it constantly sends messages about the world’s environment. There are many indicators shown pertaining to how media really af fects society. One of the most prominent explanations of those questions is the way media influences stereotypes. There has been previous research linking media sources and biased attitudes. This research paper explores articles supporting mediaRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1654 Words   |  7 PagesMass media is perhaps the most powerful tool in the world for creating, changing or perpetuating society’s ideas about an issue or group of people. It works both blatantly and subconsciously by deciding which issues are important, how to frame those issues, who to show as affected by them, and, increasingly, providing personal commentaries on the matters at hand. Because the majority of media outlets are owned by corporations dominated by white heterosexual men, many minorities are portrayed in waysRead MoreMedia s Influence On Society1475 Words   |  6 PagesMass media has affected our view as a society on social class and what defines one’s social class. Thr oughout this article called â€Å"Making Class Invisible† by Gregory Mantsios, we evaluate the influence media has on our society and as Mr. Mantsios states how â€Å"media plays a key role in defining our cultural tastes, helping us locate ourselves in history, establishing our national identity, and ascertaining the range of national and social possibilities† (para. 1). Our social class determines whatRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1560 Words   |  7 Pagesare. How many times have we heard this, yet we live in a society that appears to contradict this very idea. If looks don’t matter then why do women and girls live in a society where their bodies define who they are? If looks don t matter then why is airbrushing used by the media to hide any flaws a person has? What exactly is causing this, why do we feel like we are just not beautiful the way we are? Its the media. It’s because the media promotes a certain body image as being beautiful, and it’sRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society1416 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The media s the most powerful entity on Earth. They have the power to make the innocent guilty and to make the guilty innocent, and that s power. Because they control the minds of the [people]† (Malcolm X). The message of this Malcolm X quote is that society can control the mind of the individual. This is true. For many years, society has influenced everyone worldwide both negatively and positively. That is because society has the ability to control the individual’s decisions. They can controlRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Society2776 Words   |  12 Pagessee many images in the media and they suggest what we should be like. While the media says how we should act or look, these suggestions invade people’s thoughts. The images the media portrays make it hard to break out of socially constructed stereotypes in our lives. The media reflects dominate and social values of p eople’s lives. The media also portrays gender by creating stereotypes and gender roles showing how men, women, and transgenders are seen as deviant. In the media, men are portrayed to

Australian Tax and Other Cases

Question: Discuss about the Australian Tax and Other Cases. Answer: Introduction: The temporary employment activity in Australia has to be approved by the Government of Australia. According to the Australian tax rules, Australian tax residents need to pay taxes on their worldwide income but Australian tax non residents do need to pay taxes on the income generated in Australia only. The overseas income of Australian tax non residents is not taxable in Australia. The income tax is charged in the basis of progressive tax rates. Australia has entered into double taxation avoidance agreement with 40 countries, this prevents double taxation on the on the same income and foster the cooperation among the countries. The income tax rates for the individual resident tax payers are as following; Taxable Income Tax Payable Marginal tax rates % on excess $18200 NIL 19 $37000 $3572 32.5 $80000 $17547 37 $180000 $54547 45 The income tax rates for the individual non-resident tax payers are as following: Taxable Income Tax Payable Marginal tax rates % on excess NIL NIL 32.5 $80000 $26000 37 $180000 $63000 45 The tax residency is the important factors for calculation of the tax liability. A foreign individual being resident or non-resident may qualify as the temporary resident. This is an important classification for the calculation of tax residency. A resident foreign individual will have to pay taxes on the income generated in Australia and income sourced from foreign. An Australian tax resident individual will have to be physically present in one half of the income year unless his actual place abode is outside Australia (www.ato.gov.au, 2016). Here, in this case Fred, an executive of a British corporation comes to Australia to set up a branch of his company. The length of the stay was uncertain but he stayed in Australia for 11 months. Fred was accompanied with her wife. During his 11 months stay he earned rent from his UK house and also earned interest from investment in France. According to the Australian tax law, the individual stayed for more than half of the income year to be considered as Australian tax resident. Here, Fred stayed in Australia for 11 months and he qualifies to be an Australian tax residents. This really presents the fact in the following manner that his salary income earned during the stay in Australia will be taxable along with the rent income originated in UK and interest income originated in France (www.ato.gov.au, 2016). Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) (1904) 5 TC 159 Californian Copper Syndicate was formed to acquire the copperand other mines, mining rights, metalliferous and auriferous land. In the background, the company acquired 480 acres of copper-bearing land and the land for development. The target of the company is to develop the property and to sale it. The Attorney General established the fact that the sale of assets is the part of business process. The excess profit out of the sale proceeded is regarded as the profits or gains of the business (indiankanoon.org, 2016). Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188 The case focused on the issue to understand the fact that whether sale or subdivision of the land used for the business of mining to be considered as the business income or the ordinary business income. The case focused on the core objective of the company. The MOA of Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd incorporated the main object of the company as; of carrying on coal-mining operations. Once after the completion of the business object of mining on those lands the company subdivided the land and then sold the land for the residential and others like roads and a railway station. It was held that the company was not in the business of selling land but to use the land for mining and the business income only accounts for mining sales. After completion of the object, the company realized by subdividing and selling the assets to other parties and the proceeds to be considered as the capital receipts. The income tax commissioner later on amended the assessment after the order from the court of appeal. The court of appeal upheld the objections of the company regarding tax assessment process where the company is not liable to pay tax on the business income (jade.io, 1950). FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR Whitfords Beach Pty. Ltd was incorporated in 1954. The land of 1,584 acreswas acquired by the company for the original shareholders. The target of the company was to access to shacks and therefore beachfrontof the land was occupied by the company. In 1967 all of the shares of the company were bought by three companies, which were the previous shareholders of the company. The main reason for acquiring the shares by three companies was to obtain control of the land for subdivision and further development of the land. The actual purchase price of the land was of $1,600,000. It was expected that the land would be developed and to be used as sites for commercial purposes. A general manager was also appointed by the company for 15 years to oversee the development process of the company. The sales management was made for the part of the land. The profit made out of the sale of an asset may be treated as assessable income. The profit portion is to be assessed as the part of the ordinary income of the company. In the case Californian Copper Syndicatev.Harris(1904), the famous quote was regarded as it is not merely the realization of the assets or change of investment but it is truly the carrying on, or carrying out of the business. The scheme of profit making process will involve the assessment of the profit for taxation purpose (www.iknow.cch.com.au, 1954). Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 The actual issue of the case was to decide whether isolated sale of property is deductible under subsection 51(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936). Here, the taxpayer Stathams spouse was retrenched from her employment and decided to start a new property development business. In the process the taxpayer decided to purchase the land and started to meet with the developers for the project of building home in that land with the intention of developing the project. During the process of development the taxpayer failed to check the property with the local authorities regarding the development conditions or restrictions which could face the development restriction. Without the knowledge and the information about the land the taxpayer decided to invest in the property. The costing analysis was also not done by the taxpayer. After the completion of the project, the costing analysis was conducted on the project and it was found that the project will not be profitable. In the case it was decided that the taxpayer intended or expected to derive a profit out of the sales arrangement. In the course of the business, the property was developed and later on sold in loss. The loss occurred was purely due to the business process. The decision from the court was that the loss is a purely business loss and will not be allowed as deduction under subsection 51(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (ITAA 1936) (ato, 2016). Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135 The case refers to the situation that whether the sale of subdivided primary production landto be treated as the capital gain of the business. According to the facts of the case, the property was developed by the taxpayer and another entity. The asset in question was the primary production property and the sales transactions have taken place due to expansion of the existing business. In the later on part, it was advised that it would not be viable to start the business on that land. In the later part the taxpayers decided to sell the part of the land but were unsuccessful. The company did not use the coherent development policy for the development of the land. Consequently, the taxpayers decided to subdivide the property and sale the blacks of the land. The subdivision portion was undertaken by the taxpayer and secured the planning for the township development from the local authority. The taxpayers were however not involved in the process of marketing of the property. The court decided in favour of the taxpayer and gave its verdict that the realized gains from the sale of the subdivided primary production landshall be treated as the capital gain under subsection 104-10(4) of the ITAA 1997 (ato, 2016). Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 The case law will highlight the question whether profit from the isolated transactions to be treated as the income for the company. The matter of the fact is the guidance to determine whether profits from isolated transactions to be treated as income under subsection 25(1) of theIncome Tax Assessment Act 1936. Here the isolated transactions refer to those transactions which are part of the ordinary course of business. The transactions also refer to the transactions entered by the non business entities. In this case a company made an interest being loan to the subsidiary of the company. The taxpayer provided the loan to receive the interest income. In the ruling of the case two aspects were considered by the court; 1. The intention of the taxpayer to enter into a transaction with the target of making profit. 2. The transactions were entered and the profit was made in the process of ordinary course of business. It is not necessary that intention of the transaction is of profit making but rather the dominant intention was to make profit out of the transaction process. The taxpayer must have the requisite purpose of profit making. The court ruled that isolated transactions on part of the business operation to be treated as the income under normal course of business (law.ato.gov.au, 2016). Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620 The case starts with background of purchasing of land of 148 acres. The target of the taxpayer was farming on the land as most of the land in that area was arable and had been usedfor farming. The brickworks exchanged the land of the taxpayer with 15 acres of steep and stony bush land in exchange of 1 acres of the taxpayer's land. The target of the taxpayer was to develop a water storage facility on the 15 acre facility. The part of the taxpayer's land overlooking Bass Strait was rezoned as the residential plot and the plot of the taxpayer was also rezoned as the residential land. Despite the resistance from the taxpayer, the land was subdivided and the land was sold in blocks. The taxpayer made claim that the land developed and later on sold as the residential part was intended for the farming. The court decided that the taxpayer was not interested in selling the property which was actually intended for the farming. The circumstances were compelling him to sell that land. Therefore the sale of land after subdivision should not be recognized as the normal business. Hence, this profit shall not be considered as assessable profit according to section. 25(1) or section 25A of the ITA Act (iknow, 1996). McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 Here the taxpayers Bradley and Brett McCurry were assessed for their profit of $75,811 from sale of three townhouses. The background of the case starts in 1986, when they have $17000 savings. Both brothers saw a property at 20 Addison Avenue, Lake South. The property was old and was not of value. Bradley and Brett inspected the landand bought the land for $32000. The purchase value was gathered from saving of $17,000 and rests a loan from Commonwealth Bank of Australia. Later they gathered another loan of $80,000 and developed the property. The court ruled that the property development plan was part of the investment process and the profit made out of the sale of the properly is to be treated as the business income under the preview of sec 25(1) of the ITA Act (iknow, 1996). Works Cited: indiankanoon.org, 2016. Karanpura Development Co., Ltd vs The Commissioner Of Income-Tax,. on 31 August, 1961. [Online] indiankanoon.org Available at: https://indiankanoon.org/docfragment/663679/?formInput=copper [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. jade.io, 1950. Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [1950] HCA 16; 81 CLR 188. [Online] jade.io Available at: https://jade.io/article/64663 [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. law.ato.gov.au, 2016. ATO Interpretative Decision Sale of subdivided farm land - Income or capital gain? [Online] law.ato.gov.au Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=AID/AID2002273/00001 [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. law.ato.gov.au, 2016. ATO Interpretative Decision; Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070. [Online] law.ato.gov.au Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?docid=AID/AID2002483/00001 [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. law.ato.gov.au, 2016. Taxation Ruling; whether profits on isolated transactions are income. [Online] law.ato.gov.au Available at: https://law.ato.gov.au/atolaw/view.htm?DocID=TXR/TR923/NAT/ATO/00001 [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. www.ato.gov.au, 2016. Are you a resident? [Online] www.ato.gov.au Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Calculators-and-tools/Are-you-a-resident/ [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. www.ato.gov.au, 2016. Work out your tax residency. [Online] www.ato.gov.au Available at: https://www.ato.gov.au/Individuals/International-tax-for-individuals/Work-out-your-tax-residency/ [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. www.iknow.cch.com.au, 1954. Federal Commissioner of Taxation v. Whitfords Beach Pty. Ltd., High Court of Australia, 17 March 1982. [Online] www.iknow.cch.com.au Available at: https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio549860sl16841994/federal-commissioner-of-taxation-v-whitfords-beach-pty-ltd-high-court-of-australia-17-march-1982 [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. www.iknow.cch.com.au, 1996. CASE 32/96, Administrative Appeals Tribunal of Australia, 23 February 1996. [Online] www.iknow.cch.com.au Available at: https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio539949sl16718659/case-32-96-administrative-appeals-tribunal-of-australia-23-february-1996 [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016]. www.iknow.cch.com.au, 1996. McCURRY ANOR v FC of T, Federal Court of Australia, 15 May 1998. [Online] www.iknow.cch.com.au Available at: https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio539084sl16707683/mccurry-anor-v-fc-of-t-federal-court-of-australia-15-may-1998 [Accessed 30 Augustus 2016].

Toyota Competitive Strategies Essay Example

Toyota Competitive Strategies Paper Competitive  Strategy Asia-Pacific Marketing Federation Certified Professional Marketer Copyright Marketing Institute of Singapore Outline * Introduction * Sustainable  competitive  advantage (SCA) * Sources of SCA * Strategies for * Market Leaders * Challengers * Followers, and * Nichers Introduction Having a  competitive  advantage  is necessary for a firm to compete in the market * But what is more important is whether the  competitiveadvantage is sustainable * A firm must identify its position relative to the competition in the market * By knowing if it is a leader, challenger, follower or nicher, it can adopt appropriate strategies to compete Sustainable  Competitive  Advantage * A good strategist seeks not only to â€Å"win the hill, but hold on to it. †Ã‚  Ã‚  Subash Jain * Sustaining  competitive  advantage requires erecting barriers against the competition * Aakers suggested looking at the following: How you compete * Basis of competition * Where you compete * Whom you are competing against Examples of SCA * For many years, Singapore Airlines were riding on its SCA of having the best in-flight service * As more airlines improved their service and   narrowed the gap, SIA sought othercompetitive  advantages among which are * The most modern fleet * Outstanding Service on the Ground * A super entertainment system in its cabins * Comfort in its First Class cabins at an unparallel level * Discuss whether the later initiatives had been sustainable We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Competitive Strategies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Competitive Strategies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Toyota Competitive Strategies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Sun Tze’s defensive  strategy â€Å"Do not assume the enemy will not come but be prepared for his coming†¦ Do not presume he will not attack, but instead make your own position unassailable. † Sun Tze’s Offensive Strategies * Overt-offensive  strategy * To knock out a business rival so as to take over his company * To knock out a competing product so as to take over its market share * Covert-offensive  strategy * Keep as low a profile as possible while making offensive moves Strategies for Market Leaders Market Leader’s objectives: * Expand the total market by * Finding new users Creating new uses, and * Encouraging more usage * Protect its current market share by * Adopting defense strategies (see following slides) * Increase its market share * Note the relationship between market share and profitability Which  strategy  to use? Depends on your answer to the following: * Is it worth fighting? * Are you strong enough to fight? * How strong i s your defense? * Do you have any choice but to fight? Defense  Strategy * A market leader should generally adopt a defense  strategy * Six commonly used defense strategies * Position Defense * Mobile Defense Flanking Defense * Contraction Defense * Pre-emptive Defense * Counter-Offensive Defense Defense  Strategy  (cont’d) Position Defense * Least successful of the defense strategies * â€Å"A company attempting a fortress defense will find itself retreating from line after line of fortification into shrinking product markets. †Ã‚   Saunders (1987) * e. g. Mercedes was using a position defense  strategy  untilToyota  launched a frontal attack with its Lexus. Defense  Strategy  (cont’d) Mobile Defense * By market broadening and diversification * For marketing broadening, there is a need to Redefine the business (principle of objective), and * Focus efforts on the competition (the principle of mass) * e. g. Legend Holdings, the top China PC maker Legend has announced a joint venture with AOL to broaden its business to provide Internet services in the mainland Defense  Strategy  (cont’d) Flanking Defense: * Secondary markets (flanks) are the weaker areas and prone to being attacked * P ay attention to the flanks * e. g. San Miguel introduced a flanking brand in the Philippines, Gold Eagle, as a defense against APB’s Beerhausen Defense  Strategy  (cont’d) Contraction Defense * Withdraw from the most vulnerable segments and redirect resources to those that are more defendable * By planned contraction or strategic withdrawal * e. g. India’s TATA Group sold its soaps and detergents business units to Unilever in 1993 Defense  Strategy  (cont’d) Pre-emptive Defense * Detect potential attacks and attack the enemies first * Let it be known how it will retaliate * Product or brand proliferation is a form of pre-emptive defense e. g. Seiko has over 2,000 models Defense  Strategy  (cont’d) Counter-Offensive Defense Responding to competitors’ head-on attack by identifying the attacker’s weakness and then launch a counter attack * e. g. Toyota  launched the Lexus to respond to Mercedes attack Market Challenger Strategies The market challengers’ strategic objective is to gain market share and to become the leader eventually How? * By attacking the market leader * By attacking other firms of the same size * By attacking smaller firms Market Challenger Strategies (cont’d) Types of Attack Strategies * Frontal attack * Flank attack * Encirclement attack * Bypass attack * Guerrilla attack Frontal Attack * Seldom work  unless The challenger has sufficient fire-power (a 3:1 advantage) and staying power, and * The challenger has clear distinctive advantage(s) * e. g. Japanese and Korean firms launched frontal attacks in various ASPAC countries through quality, price and low cost Flank attack * Attack the enemy at its weak points or blind spots i. e. its flanks * Ideal for challenger who does not have sufficient resources * e. g. In the 1990s, Yaohan attacked Mitsukoshi and Seibu’s flanks by opening numerous stores in overseas markets Encirclement attack * Attack the enemy at many fronts at the same time Ideal for challenger having superior resources * e. g. Seiko attacked on fashion, features, user preferences and anything that might interest the consumer Bypass attack * By diversifying into unrelated products or markets neglected by the leader * Could overtake the leader by using new technologies * e. g. Pepsi use a bypass attack  strategy  against Coke in China by locating its bottling plants in the interior provinces Guerrilla attack * By launching small, intermittent hit-and-run attacks to harass and destabilize the leader * Usually use to precede a stronger attack e. g. airlines use short promotions to attack the national carriers especially when passenger loads in certain routes are low Which Attack  Strategy  should a Challenger Choose? Use a combination of several strategies to improve market share over time Market-Follower Strategies * Theodore Levitt in his article,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Innovative Imitation†Ã‚  argued that a product imitation  strategy  might be just as profitable as a product innovation  strategy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  e. g. Product innovationSony Product-imitationPanasonic Market-Follower Strategies (cont’d) Each follower tries to bring distinctive advantages to its target marketlocation, services, financing * Four broad follower strategies: * Counterfeiter (which is illegal) * Cloner e. g. the IBM PC clones * Imitator e. g. car manufacturers imitate the style of one another * Adapter e. g. many Japanese firms are excellent adapters initially before developing into challengers and eventually leaders Market-Nicher Strategies * Smaller firms can avoid larger firms by targeting smaller markets or niches that are of little or no interest to the larger firms   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  e. g. Logitechmice Microbrewersspecial beers Market-Nicher Strategies (cont’d) * Nichers must create niches, expand the niches and protect them * e. g. Nike constantly created new nichescycling, walking, hiking, cheerleading, etc * What is the major risk faced by nichers? * Market niche may be attacked by larger firms once they notice the niches are successful Multiple Niching â€Å"[A] firm should `stick to its niching’ but not necessarily to its niche. That is why multiple niching is preferable to single niching. By developing strength in two or more niches the company increases its chances for survival. † Philip Kotler

Article Summary And Critique The WritePass Journal

Article Summary And Critique Abstract Article Summary And Critique . What impact might mitigation of diffuse nitrate pollution have on river water quality in a rural catchmentCritiqueReferencesRelated Abstract This paper is going to summarise an articles that relate to environmental management and ecological modeling. It will also include a critique of the article in order to ascertain whether it has logical arguments.The critique will also involve an assessment of whether there was conclusive evidence in the article. In this paper, additional literature will be used in order to make personal opinions on the conclusions made by the authors of this article. Summary: Hutchins, M. G., 2012. What impact might mitigation of diffuse nitrate pollution have on river water quality in a rural catchment The article entitled â€Å"What impact might mitigation of diffuse nitrate pollution have on river water quality in a rural catchment?† by Michael Hutchins, studied the role played by nitrate loads in freshwater. The investigator carried out the study by evaluating how phytoplankton growth is affected by nutrient and light concentration. On one hand, the assessment of nutrients concentration was done by the measurement of annual mean concentration sourced from periodic regulatory monitoring. On the other hand, the effect of light was assessed using data sourced from solar radiation and sediment monitoring data. The investigator went further and assessed areas in the river under study that had sufficient calm water that could facilitate the growth of phytoplankton. This was done using hydraulic data collected from river network model applications. The researcher then went further and developed an analysis of the effect of the changes on land management in the nitrate concentrat ions in the river. This was carried out using estimations from NALTRACES, a nitrate model. An analysis using NALTRACES concluded that as much as agriculture contributes to increased levels of nitrates in the river water, its effect on the growth and concentration of phytoplankton is negligible. The study also found out that the growth of phytoplankton is regulated by the amount of sunlight that is able to infiltrate the water. In fact, areas that allow maximum light infiltration into the water promote extensive growth of Phytoplankton even if the levels of nitrates in the water are very low. Therefore, the investigation concluded that nitrate concentration is not one of the conditions that determine the growth of phytoplankton in the river water. The investigation concluded that developing a means of regulating the amount of light reaching the water is an effective way of regulating the growth of phytoplankton. It also suggested the establishment of a riparian tree cover as one of the ways that can be used in the regulation of light availability in the river water. Data was gathered and analyzed using a variety of simple modeling approaches to arrive at the conclusion that an effective way of mitigating phytoplankton growth is by minimizing illumination on the water surface. Critique The article by Hutchins is researched well, and the conclusions developed from the findings are well founded and backed by a good number of previous investigations. The conclusions are well founded because they are derived from the collected data. In addition, the conclusions are achieved after the collected data is critically analyzed and evaluated. The methodology applied in the investigation is effective enough to provide an explanation to the research issue. This is because it involves the collection of primary data as well as secondary data (Hutchins, 2012), which assists in explaining terms used in this research. The investigation applied a correlation analysis of nutrient level and phytoplankton growth, resulting to the development of a conclusion that had enough evidences that backed it. The evidence was derived from the data in the correlation analysis. In fact, the data used in the research acted as evidence for the conclusions made. Furthermore, data regarding sunlight ill umination and phytoplankton growth was used in the development of a sound analysis. From this analysis, it was concluded that it is one main factor that if controlled, the growth of phytoplankton can be fully regulated. On examining the sources used in this review, we notice that all sources are academic and written by well-known authors and published in credible journals. In fact, most of the studies referenced in the investigation were conducted between the years 2003 and 2012. Therefore, the sources cited in this article are the latest with respect to information portrayed in the article. However, the article has provided a stand that contradicts many recent investigations that link phytoplankton bloom to increased nutrient levels in water. Xu et al (2010) proposes an approach of regulating phytoplankton bloom in Lake Taihu that basically involves an approach aimed at lowering the lake waters nutritional levels. From their study, it was evident that phytoplankton bloom in the lake is directly associated with increased leaching of nutrients into the lake waters. On the other hand, Hutchins (2012) argues that nutrient levels have no form of association with phytoplankton bloom. This assertion is not founded since effects of human activities lead to unnatural forms of occasions. The sun is always constant, and its effects with relation to phytoplankton bloom are directly proportional to the levels of nutrients available in the waters to effect growth. As much as his conclusion links the reduction of illumination in the river as an approach towards managing the growth of phytoplankton, the application of this approach is quite limited and time consuming. In most cases, it might take several years to manage the problem by developing a means of regulating sunlight. According to a study by Lewis and Wurtsbaugh (2008), the phytoplankton growth limiting effect of nitrates is not universal. It is common in waters found in the high altitude tropic regions, which are not the case of the location of the river analysed in the study. The author also mentions phosphorus as a mineral that has no effect on the concentration of Phytoplankton; this stand contradicts a study by Sylvan and his colleagues (2006), which provided an inverse proportionality of the concentration of phosphorus to the concentration of phytoplankton. Therefore, the assumption adopted by Hutchins (2012), in his investigation required a deeper clarification on the approach adopted on arriving at the conclusion of delinking mineral concentrations to phytoplankton growth in the river. For the case of this river, I think a study that specifically analyses the extent to which nutrients affect the growth of phytoplankton is the best approach that will provide practical and applicable findings and recommendations. An in-depth analysis of the impacts of each nutrient to the growth of phytoplankton is necessary. Furthermore, this article is limited in its approach to developing a recommendation that aims at limiting the sunlight accessing the water in the river. As much as he assures the reader of the effectiveness of that approach, it is less viable due to several issues, including cost and time factor. In conclusion, as much as this article enriches the available level of understanding on management of Phytoplankton, its limitation in terms of applicability of the findings limits the effectiveness of the study with relation to the topic of the paper. References Hutchins, M. G., 2012. What impact might mitigation of diffuse nitrate pollution have on river water quality in a rural catchment? Journal of Environmental Management, 109, 19-26. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.04.045 Lewis, W. M., Wurtsbaugh A. W., 2008. Control of lacustrine phytoplankton by nutrients: Erosion of the phosphorus paradigm. Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol. 93, 446–465. Retrieved from http://ciresweb.colorado.edu/limnology/pubs/pdfs/Pub190.pdf Sylvan, J. B., Dortch Q.,Nelson, D.M.,MaierbrownA.F.,Morrison W., Ammerman, J. W., 2006. Phosphorus limits phytoplankton growth on the Louisiana shelf during the period of hypoxia formation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 7548–7553. Retrieved from researchgate.net/publication/6548676_Phosphorus_limits_phytoplankton_growth_on_the_Louisiana_shelf_during_the_period_of_hypoxia_formation/file/d912f51017f64c452b.pdf Xu, H., Paerl, H.W., Qin B., Zhu G., Gao, G., 2010. Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs control phytoplankton growth in eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55(1), 420–432. Retrieved from jlakes.org/web/Xu%20et%20al.-LO2010.pdf

How to Outline a Novel (Even If Outlining Makes You Sick)

How to Outline a Novel (Even If Outlining Makes You Sick) How to Outline a Novel (Even If You’re Not an Outliner) I know what you’re thinking: How does the author of nearly 190 books, two-thirds of them novels, get off telling me â€Å"How to Outline a Novel† when he’s on record as a non-outliner himself? Hey, not only that, but we non-outliners have a name! We call ourselves Pantsers. Okay, so it’s not that creative. It just means we write by the seat of our pants. We could just as easily be known as No-Netters, like high wire walkers or trapeze artists who work without safety nets. And it’s not like we’re some crazy offshoot, like the cousins you never talk about. We make up about half of all novelists, and there are some famous mega-bestselling types among us. Does the name Stephen King strike a familiar tone? Why couldn’t we just be known as members of the Stephen King School of Fiction Writing? Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. Which Are You- Outliner or Pantser? It’s a good thing to determine early, you know. You’ll save yourself a lot of agony, starts and stops, frustration. There’s enough of that in novel writing already. No sense adding more when you don’t have to. Now, trust me, whichever you are- Outliner or Pantser- you’re often going to wish you were the other. It’s just like people with curly or straight hair. The curlies are always trying to straighten theirs, and the straights are always trying to curl theirs. Human nature, I guess. When I hit the wall at the halfway to three-quarter mark for just about every novel, I yearn for a tidy outline that tells me where to go next. But down deep I know better. Story outlines just don’t work for me. Somehow, when I plot the story out in advance, things get predictable. Plus, the organic nature of a story always has its way with me and the characters wind up taking over. They’re cantankerous sorts and never let me put words in their mouths or take the fork in the road I think they ought to. Go Where the Process Takes You The aforementioned Mr. King says, â€Å"Try to put interesting characters in difficult situations and write to find out what happens.† How fun is that? I live for it. It’s writing by process of discovery, and for me- and any Pantser- it’s the only way that works. I grew up on television. Maybe that’s why I’m an intuitive plotter, and my stories tend to have beginnings, middles, and ends. It doesn’t always feel that way while it’s happening, and sometimes I wonder why things are happening the way they are, but things always seem to come together and work out. Be What You Are Now, if you’re an Outliner and you try writing by the seat of your pants, you’ll soon know you’ve made a mistake. If you’re not an intuitive plotter, your story will be all over the place, your rabbit trails will take you to parts of the forest you have no business in, and you’ll never find your way back. You’re one or the other, so decide and stake your claim. Neither is better, neither is right or wrong- unless you choose the opposite of what you are. Then you’re not going to be happy till you switch. The Ultimate Novel Outliner If you’re an Outliner and want to jump in with both feet or dive in headfirst or whatever clichà © you choose to apply, you can’t do better than to tap into the very strange and wonderful mind of my friend, Dr. Randy Ingermanson. Who’s he, you ask? Only the Sheldon Cooper of novelists. Literally (and I use that term literally). On The Big Bang Theory, Sheldon has a masters degree and two doctoral degrees. Randy got his M.A. and Ph.D. in physics, specializing in elementary particle theory. He also did two years of post-graduate work on superstring theory. Somehow he now applies his intellect to the science of novel writing and teaching novel writing, and he is the story outline extraordinaire. If you’re an Outliner, go to his site and check out his Snowflake Method of outlining your novel, and also invest in his Writing Fiction for Dummies. But You Said I know! I was going to tell you how to outline your novel even if you’re not an outliner. If you’re not an outliner, you need to stay at least 100 yards from Randy Ingermanson. He’d tell you that himself. He doesn’t even want my business! Randy agrees that Outliners are Outliners and Pantsers are Pantsers, and never the twain shall meet. If you’re a Pantser, don’t try to be an Outliner. Then How Am I Supposed to Okay, here’s how. No one’s saying that just because you’re not an Outliner you should simply sit at the keyboard and wait till magic happens. It doesn’t go that way. At least it never has for me- although some critics may disagree. Though you may not have an outline per se, obviously you must have an idea or you have no business in that chair. I repeat: don’t go to the keyboard with nothing to say. Come with an idea! Be able to state it in one sentence. Tell me what your story is about. My first novel was about a judge who tried a man for a murder that the judge had committed. I had to have at least that much or I would have sat there all day twiddling my thumbs. Now, if you’re an Outliner, Randy Ingermanson will have you inventing characters with names and backgrounds and virtually blueprinting your story before you keyboard â€Å"Chapter 1.† As a Pantser, my thought was, come up with a couple of character names, put ‘em on stage, and start telling the story of that judge. Let’s see what happens. It sure won’t be predictable to the reader, because I don’t even know what’s coming. And if a reader writes to demand why I killed off some favorite character, I can say, â€Å"Hey, I write by process of discovery. I didn’t kill them off, I found ‘em dead.† Then What Did You Mean by ‘Novel Outlining’? That there is a basic story structure that works whether you have a novel outline or you’re writing by the seat of your pants, and it looks like this, according to bestseller Dean Koontz: 1- Plunge your main character into terrible trouble as soon as possible. (That trouble will mean something different depending on your genre. For a thriller it might be life-threatening. For a romance it might mean choosing between two suitors.) 2- Everything your character does to try to get out of the trouble makes it only worse. 3- Eventually things appear hopeless. 4- Finally, everything your character has learned through all that trouble gives him what he needs to personally conquer the opposition. That’s a structure that will keep you- and your reader- engaged and insured against boredom. And that’s how to outline a novel, whether you’re an Outliner or a Pantser. Need help writing your novel?Click here to download my ultimate 12-step guide. So, which are you, an Outliner or a Pantser, and what will you do next?

Genetics and Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetics and Society - Essay Example Diploid cells which are destined to produce the male and female reproductive cells undergo a type of cell division referred to as meiosis by which the chromosomes present in the parent cell is reduced to half to form four reproductive haploid cells called gametes. This process of separation and assortment of the homologous chromosomes occurs at random and the resulting haploid cells do not contain only paternal or maternal chromosomes but a mixture of genes from both parental chromosomes. This independent assortment of genes was first observed by Mendel when he was studying the genetics of pea plants and from his study he formulated the principle of independent assortment. The process of meiosis which is responsible for the production of gametes occurs via this principle of independent assortment. Meiosis begins with the replication of a pair of chromosomes in the diploid germ cells which are destined to become male or female gametes. The replicated chromosomal pairs are called siste r chromatids which are initially joined at the central point called the centromere. As the meiotic spindle forms at each pole of the cell with the help of microtubules, the two pairs of homologous chromosomes form tetrads within which any two chromosomes can overlap or recombine to form recombinant DNA which gives rise to new genetic combinations. This process is called crossing-over. Following this the pair of chromatids are pulled towards each pole of the cell and the chromosomal pair is enclosed within a nuclei. The cell then undergoes cytokinesis during which the cytoplasm divides into two giving rise to two daughter cells each containing a haploid chromosome. Thus meiosis is an important process during which pairs of homologous chromosomes are independently assorted to give rise to haploid gametes and also the chromosomes in the tetrad stage recombine to form new combination of genes which is

Private and public management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Private and public management - Essay Example However, public management involves managing critical infrastructure which directly disturbs quality of public life. In fact, in many cases, huge government spending on public management, relying on the estimates given by public managers leads to create interest conflicts and violets ethical guidelines to a great magnitude (Boyne 97-122). Private management refers to a situation where responsibilities are delegated to some private organizations to manage and control certain areas of services such as schools and hospitals. In this paper, the operational efficiencies created by private and public management will be analyzed. To understand the theory better, the functioning of the publicly funded health care system, National Health Service (NHS), will be evaluated in the light of management differences in public and private sector. As mentioned earlier, National Health Service is a publicly funded health care unit based in the countries of United Kingdom. The healthcare system is mainly funded through the tax collected by the nation centrally. National Health Service is aimed at providing wide array of healthcare services among which most of the services are not chargeable for the legal residents of the United Kingdom. The services of NHS are categorized under four discrete systems such as National Health Service (England), Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland, NHS Scotland and NHS Wales. These four systems are generally different and independent of each other in terms of management, regulations and political accountability. However, the basic functions are performed on a regular basis, as regulated by the UK Department of Health. Healthcare services provided through all these four segments are denominated under the â€Å"NHS†; only the unit provides services in England, is officially called Natio nal Health Service. Nevertheless, no

Liberal Arts vs Science Essay Example for Free

Liberal Arts vs Science Essay Liberal arts deal with the sections of education that specialize in imparting general knowledge to learners. This is usually meant to build a strong intellectual capacity on general subjects that would not require technical or even professional skills. The sections of arts that are basically seen as to be in this category include languages, philosophy, music, basic arithmetic and history. In as much as humanities are considered to be part of liberal arts, they my lean towards scientific processes like those in geography and research sciences. On the other hand, sciences are based on technical subjects like physics and chemistry. Scientific knowledge is specific and can be based on a plethora of scientific specialties. Some examples may include biology, physics, engineering and medicine. Other areas in sciences that are specific can include actuarial science and applied mathematics. Developments in the current world of education indicate that more and more students are being encouraged to specialize on sciences than liberal arts. Does this signal that liberal arts are dead and everything is now about science and technology? Specialists in many quarters have advanced arguments that point to the fact that liberal arts are dying fast. Reasons include the fact that more professionals in sciences receive better compensation packages than their counterparts in liberal arts. The idea that liberal arts are a dying section of education is supported by facts. This is due to the fact that more and more people are embracing education in sciences that seem to be generally more appealing. The Industrial Revolution experienced in the world over seemed to emphasize the fact that the world would lean more towards technical aspects of education than on the arts. During the onset of this revolution in the late nineteenth century, inventions in sciences drove many to pursue technical subjects as they seemed to be leading to the most lucrative jobs. Examples lay in the engineering and other technological fields that had strong foundations in sciences. As such, many institutions that were recruiting prospective employees developed pay packages that were tailored to be better than those for employees in the liberal art field. Other factors that point to this being true include the declining budgetary allocation in universities that specialize in liberal arts. This was aggravated by the recession experienced during the period 2008-2009. A study showed that most students who had degrees in the fields and disciplines in liberal arts suffered job cuts and lay-offs during this period (Cook 1) (The Death of Liberal Arts: How the Recession and Unemployment are making Schools and Students Rethink the Value of an Education in The Humanities 1). The numbers of tertiary institutions that offer courses in these fields have declined by nearly a hundred since the early nineties to date. Despite this trend in developments, there are facts that point towards this being the truth and there are some others that seem to dispute this idea. Current job markets indicate that every employee has to have at least some basic technical knowledge. This may mostly lie in the knowledge of Information Technology (IT). It is prudent to observe that in the modern world, nearly all organizations insist on recruiting employees who have basic knowledge on how to process data using computers. This may be in writing documents or even manipulating data to obtain a desired result. Therefore, most organizations recruit prospective employees with basic computer proficiency skills. These skills are deemed to be mandatory in communication and other day-to-day activities in the office. On the other hand, most companies that are recruiting prospective employees are insistent upon the ability of employees to integrate with the community. This would include the immediate community living within the precincts of the location of such companies or even the prospective customers. To have such abilities, one needs to have studied some form of psychology or even sociology. These form part of the liberal arts. Consequently, these companies recruit employees who have studied in these fields and hence have the abilities to mingle with the said people. This knowledge might be important in marketing or even companies that deal in communications and customer care. Therefore, there are job market patterns that may seem to suggest that liberal arts may not be totally dead. Kathleen Haney, a professor of Philosophy of Education in the University of Houston-Downtown, opines that in the view of a layman, liberal arts are dead. She observes that liberal arts are mainly important in the formative years of education such as the elementary and secondary education. Later on, when a student needs to become more skilled in specific subjects, he may need the knowledge acquired in the elementary and secondary that dealt more on liberal arts. Such skills might include languages so as to communicate with others well. However, in â€Å"The Liberal Arts and the End of Education†, she explains the need for everyone to view liberal arts as losing its shine due to the influence of development. Development, she insists, impresses upon scholars the need to embrace more technical subjects. This she attributes to the need by more organizations to employ people who have knowledge in practical-oriented subjects like sciences. In as much as her works seem to approve of this as the trend, she however goes ahead to implore us to change our mind-frame so that we can see liberal arts as pivotal in enabling us to be able to be proficient in these practical subjects. She insists that the more technical subjects would need the services of liberal arts to survive. This she subtly alludes to when she says that languages are the essence of understanding and communication. Therefore, she agrees to the fact that liberal arts are losing their shine due to the current patterns in job markets. She however does not encourage this as it might be of detriment to ignore important sections of liberal arts like languages. The trend that she observes goes way back in time and is founded from the early times. The enthusiasm with which liberal arts were embraced before the Industrial Revolution has considerably gone down due to the mentioned facts. There seems to be a number of reasons that have been fronted for this kind of happening. It is only natural that for this, there has to be some form of consequences. The future generations face a more challenging task of trying to ignore or even do without an important part of education. As a matter of fact, the consequences might have very heavy repercussions on education in general. The main factor that will contribute to this is the need for people who can efficiently communicate in certain settings. For instance, when languages are abolished in the curriculum, students will need extra efforts to learn foreign languages so that they can earn whole-some multi-cultural competency. An example is when a company needs to venture into a foreign market and it requires one of the staff members to be able to communicate to the natives in their language. This would mean that the staff will be required to learn the native language of the people residing in the area. This might be expensive to undertake as the only other option is to employ a native. Many people have come up with arguments in support of the notion that liberal arts are dead. However, there are some writers who have come up with opposing arguments that seem to be water-tight. The American Council of Learned Societies has come up with issues that seem to show that the liberal arts are still popular in colleges. It discusses the importance of liberal arts in communication and the full understanding of human nature (American Council of Learned Societies 1) (Liberal Arts in American Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities 1). It is subjects like philosophy and psychology that enable scientists like doctors and psychiatrists to understand how to deal with illnesses of the human mind. Coupled with this, the languages help in comprehension of several issues. Their argument is based on the fact that liberal arts build a comprehensive understanding of the human being. This seems to be a very convincing argument since most of sciences deal in the physical part of a human being but not on the moral, spiritual and social part. In the international arena, the science vs. art debacle has taken various forms depending on situations. For instance, many parents still insist on their children taking more professional courses as opposed to them having to take courses in liberal arts. It is of interest to note that many writers attribute this to the different priorities that people in the different social classes have. For instance, many students in the upper middle class will not feel pressured to earn degrees in the professional courses that are not seen as art-based. On the other hand, students who have to work to earn money for their fees have always chosen professional courses over the liberal arts. This has been attributed to the fact that the students from affluent families have no worries about fees and which college they feel they want to attend. Their schooling is a matter of choice as opposed to students with limited financial abilities who will be restricted to their budgets due to financial constraints. In conclusion, it has been shown that liberal arts are losing attention as an important part of education. Many factors have pointed to this. It is important to note that the need to study other technical subjects important in scientific development have led this. It is also important to note that the foundations of basic education are laid through the use of liberal arts like languages. Therefore, it is pragmatic to stop this trend before it leads to harm. The fact that more and more institutions are beginning to lower the budgetary allocations on liberal arts is worrying. It is worth noting that the recession exposed the weakness in the humanities sector of education as professionals in this field suffered more job cuts. This would actually lead to anyone conclusively saying that the liberal arts are actually dead. However, many a writer has sufficiently come up with arguments that signify the importance of liberal arts in the current and future settings. Therefore, while it is important to note that liberal arts are dying, it is a task set upon us to develop curricula that will ensure that the sections that liberal arts cover in education are taken over by an equally fulfilling branch of education. References Cook, N. The Death of Liberal Arts: How the Recession and Unemployment are making Schools and Students Rethink the Value of an Education in The Humanities. (5th April, 2010). Newsweek Web Exclusive. Web. America Council of Learned Societies. Liberal Arts in American Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities. 2005. American Council of Learned Societies. Print.

Translating Cultural Subtext in Modern Korean Fiction :: Free Essays Online

Translating Cultural Subtext in Modern Korean Fiction Translation as an Act of Bridging Two Cultures Literary translation can be described in many ways. In the first place we can think of it as retelling, in that we take a Korean story and tell it in English. In retelling the story we make it public. This means we have an audience, either readers of our translation or listeners of a public reading of that translation. Public readings are an important way of disseminating a translation. And in the case of Korea, readings have a special relevance. In premodern times improvised poems were often shared during gatherings of literati. Even today poetry readings are not uncommon in Korea (though readings of fiction are rare--a vestige of the greater esteem traditionally attached to poetry by Koreans?). Retelling is an especially apt approach to translation when we translate an author such as Pak Wan-sà ´, whose narrators often sound as if they are speaking directly to the reader. Second, we can think of translating as an act of re-creating, in the sense that translators produce something that is recognized as literature (whatever that is--anyone who has read the first chapter of Terry Eagleton’s Literary Theory will realize how difficult it is to precisely define literature). Translation can also be thought of as reenacting. Here I draw on the Lacanian notion of retrieving a lost narrative of our life. Translators may be thought of as taking part as a silent observer, or, to borrow the title of a Joseph Conrad story, as a â€Å"secret sharer,† in the stories they reenact. Finally, translation is a joint enterprise between translator and author. As such, it is desirable to have a good match between author and translator. Such a match often manifests itself as a similarity of aesthetic outlook and a shared commitment to the author’s works. In this joint enterprise the translator is a kind of medium. JaHyun Kim Haboush reports, for example, that the voice of Lady Hong rang in her head for years as she translated that princess’s memoirs, the Hanjungnok. Other translators have described this phenomenon as a merging of themselves with the persona of their author. The late Marshall R. Pihl reported having such an experience while translating stories by O Yà ´ng-su; I myself have had a similar experience in translating stories by Hwang Sun-wà ´n and O Chà ´ng-hà »i.

Digital Fortress Chapter 123-126

Chapter 123 An ashen technician ran to the podium. â€Å"Tunnel block's about to go!† Jabba turned to the VR onscreen. The attackers surged forward, only a whisker away from their assault on the fifth and final wall. The databank was running out of time. Susan blocked out the chaos around her. She read Tankado's bizarre message over and over. PRIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELEMENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI â€Å"It's not even a question!† Brinkerhoff cried. â€Å"How can it have an answer?† â€Å"We need a number,† Jabba reminded. â€Å"The kill-code is numeric.† â€Å"Silence,† Fontaine said evenly. He turned and addressed Susan. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher, you've gotten us this far. I need your best guess.† Susan took a deep breath. â€Å"The kill-code entry field accepts numerics only. My guess is that this is some sort of clue as to the correct number. The text mentions Hiroshima and Nagasaki-the two cities that were hit by atomic bombs. Maybe the kill-code is related to the number of casualties, the estimated dollars of damage†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She paused a moment, rereading the clue. â€Å"The word ‘difference' seems important. The prime difference between Nagasaki and Hiroshima. Apparently Tankado felt the two incidents differed somehow.† Fontaine's expression did not change. Nonetheless, hope was fading fast. It seemed the political backdrops surrounding the two most devastating blasts in history needed to be analyzed, compared, and translated into some magic number†¦ and all within the next five minutes. Chapter 124 â€Å"Final shield under attack!† On the VR, the PEM authorization programming was now being consumed. Black, penetrating lines engulfed the final protective shield and began forcing their way toward its core. Prowling hackers were now appearing from all over the world. The number was doubling almost every minute. Before long, anyone with a computer-foreign spies, radicals, terrorists-would have access to all of the U.S. government's classified information. As technicians tried vainly to sever power, the assembly on the podium studied the message. Even David and the two NSA agents were trying to crack the code from their van in Spain. PRIME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ELEMENTS RESPONSIBLE FORHIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI Soshi thought aloud. â€Å"The elements responsible for Hiroshima and Nagasaki†¦ Pearl Harbor? Hirohito's refusal to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We need a number,† Jabba repeated, â€Å"not political theories. We're talking mathematics-not history!† Soshi fell silent. â€Å"How about payloads?† Brinkerhoff offered. â€Å"Casualties? Dollars damage?† â€Å"We're looking for an exact figure,† Susan reminded. â€Å"Damage estimates vary.† She stared up at the message. â€Å"The elements responsible†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Three thousand miles away, David Becker's eyes flew open. â€Å"Elements!† he declared. â€Å"We're talking math, not history!† All heads turned toward the satellite screen. â€Å"Tankado's playing word games!† Becker spouted. â€Å"The word ‘elements' has multiple meanings!† â€Å"Spit it out, Mr. Becker,† Fontaine snapped. â€Å"He's talking about chemical elements-not sociopolitical ones!† Becker's announcement met blank looks. â€Å"Elements!† he prompted. â€Å"The periodic table! Chemical elements! Didn't any of you see the movie Fat Man and Little Boy-about the Manhattan Project? The two atomic bombs were different. They used different fuel-different elements!† Soshi clapped her hands. â€Å"Yes! He's right! I read that! The two bombs used different fuels! One used uranium and one used plutonium! Two different elements!† A hush swept across the room. â€Å"Uranium and plutonium!† Jabba exclaimed, suddenly hopeful. â€Å"The clue asks for the difference between the two elements!† He spun to his army of workers. â€Å"The difference between uranium and plutonium! Who knows what it is?† Blank stares all around. â€Å"Come on!† Jabba said. â€Å"Didn't you kids go to college? Somebody! Anybody! I need the difference between plutonium and uranium!† No response. Susan turned to Soshi. â€Å"I need access to the Web. Is there a browser here?† Soshi nodded. â€Å"Netscape's sweetest.† Susan grabbed her hand. â€Å"Come on. We're going surfing.† Chapter 125 â€Å"How much time?† Jabba demanded from the podium. There was no response from the technicians in the back. They stood riveted, staring up at the VR. The final shield was getting dangerously thin. Nearby, Susan and Soshi pored over the results of their Web search. â€Å"Outlaw Labs?† Susan asked. â€Å"Who are they?† Soshi shrugged. â€Å"You want me to open it?† â€Å"Damn right,† she said. â€Å"Six hundred forty-seven text references to uranium, plutonium, and atomic bombs. Sounds like our best bet.† Soshi opened the link. A disclaimer appeared. The information contained in this file is strictly for academic use only. Any layperson attempting to construct any of the devices described runs the risk of radiation poisoning and/or self-explosion. â€Å"Self-explosion?† Soshi said. â€Å"Jesus.† â€Å"Search it,† Fontaine snapped over his shoulder. â€Å"Let's see what we've got.† Soshi plowed into the document. She scrolled past a recipe for urea nitrate, an explosive ten times more powerful than dynamite. The information rolled by like a recipe for butterscotch brownies. â€Å"Plutonium and uranium,† Jabba repeated. â€Å"Let's focus.† â€Å"Go back,† Susan ordered. â€Å"The document's too big. Find the table of contents.† Soshi scrolled backward until she found it. I. Mechanism of an Atomic Bomb A) Altimeter B) Air Pressure Detonator C) Detonating Heads D) Explosive Charges E) Neutron Deflector F) Uranium Plutonium G) Lead Shield H) Fuses II. Nuclear Fission/Nuclear Fusion A) Fission (A-Bomb) Fusion (H-Bomb) B) U-235, U-238, and Plutonium III. History of the Atomic Weapons A) Development (The Manhattan Project) B) Detonation 1) Hiroshima 2) Nagasaki 3) By-products of Atomic Detonations 4) Blast Zones â€Å"Section two!† Susan cried. â€Å"Uranium and plutonium! Go!† Everyone waited while Soshi found the right section. â€Å"This is it,† she said. â€Å"Hold on.† She quickly scanned the data. â€Å"There's a lot of information here. A whole chart. How do we know which difference we're looking for? One occurs naturally, one is man-made. Plutonium was first discovered by-â€Å" â€Å"A number,† Jabba reminded. â€Å"We need a number.† Susan reread Tankado's message. The prime difference between the elements†¦ the difference between†¦ we need a number†¦ â€Å"Wait!† she said. â€Å"The word ‘difference' has multiple meanings. We need a number-so we're talking math. It's another of Tankado's word games-‘difference' means subtraction.† â€Å"Yes!† Becker agreed from the screen overhead. â€Å"Maybe the elements have different numbers of protons or something? If you subtract-† â€Å"He's right!† Jabba said, turning to Soshi. â€Å"Are there any numbers on that chart? Proton counts? Half-lives? Anything we can subtract?† â€Å"Three minutes!† a technician called. â€Å"How about supercritical mass?† Soshi ventured. â€Å"It says the supercritical mass for plutonium is 35.2 pounds.† â€Å"Yes!† Jabba said. â€Å"Check uranium! What's the supercritical mass of uranium?† Soshi searched. â€Å"Um†¦ 110 pounds.† â€Å"One hundred ten?† Jabba looked suddenly hopeful. â€Å"What's 35.2 from 110?† â€Å"Seventy-four point eight,† Susan snapped. â€Å"But I don't think-â€Å" â€Å"Out of my way,† Jabba commanded, plowing toward the keyboard. â€Å"That's got to be the kill-code! The difference between their critical masses! Seventy-four point eight!† â€Å"Hold on,† Susan said, peering over Soshi's shoulder. â€Å"There's more here. Atomic weights. Neutron counts. Extraction techniques.† She skimmed the chart. â€Å"Uranium splits into barium and krypton; plutonium does something else. Uranium has 92 protons and 146 neutrons, but-â€Å" â€Å"We need the most obvious difference,† Midge chimed in. â€Å"The clue reads ‘the primary difference between the elements.' â€Å" â€Å"Jesus Christ!† Jabba swore. â€Å"How do we know what Tankado considered the primary difference?† David interrupted. â€Å"Actually, the clue reads prime, not primary.† The word hit Susan right between the eyes. â€Å"Prime!† she exclaimed. â€Å"Prime!† She spun to Jabba. â€Å"The kill-code is a prime number! Think about it! It makes perfect sense!† Jabba instantly knew Susan was right. Ensei Tankado had built his career on prime numbers. Primes were the fundamental building blocks of all encryption algorithms-unique values that had no factors other than one and themselves. Primes worked well in code writing because they were impossible for computers to guess using typical number-tree factoring. Soshi jumped in. â€Å"Yes! It's perfect! Primes are essential to Japanese culture! Haiku uses primes. Three lines and syllable counts of five, seven, five. All primes. The temples of Kyoto all have-â€Å" â€Å"Enough!† Jabba said. â€Å"Even if the kill-code is a prime, so what! There are endless possibilities!† Susan knew Jabba was right. Because the number line was infinite, one could always look a little farther and find another prime number. Between zero and a million, there were over 70,000 choices. It all depended on how large a prime Tankado decided to use. The bigger it was, the harder it was to guess. â€Å"It'll be huge.† Jabba groaned. â€Å"Whatever prime Tankado chose is sure to be a monster.† A call went up from the rear of the room. â€Å"Two-minute warning!† Jabba gazed up at the VR in defeat. The final shield was starting to crumble. Technicians were rushing everywhere. Something in Susan told her they were close. â€Å"We can do this!† she declared, taking control. â€Å"Of all the differences between uranium and plutonium, I bet only one can be represented as a prime number! That's our final clue. The number we're looking for is prime!† Jabba eyed the uranium/plutonium chart on the monitor and threw up his arms. â€Å"There must be a hundred entries here! There's no way we can subtract them all and check for primes.† â€Å"A lot of the entries are nonnumeric,† Susan encouraged. â€Å"We can ignore them. Uranium's natural, plutonium's man-made. Uranium uses a gun barrel detonator, plutonium uses implosion. They're not numbers, so they're irrelevant!† â€Å"Do it,† Fontaine ordered. On the VR, the final wall was eggshell thin. Jabba mopped his brow. â€Å"All right, here goes nothing. Start subtracting. I'll take the top quarter. Susan, you've got the middle. Everybody else split up the rest. We're looking for a prime difference.† Within seconds, it was clear they'd never make it. The numbers were enormous, and in many cases the units didn't match up. â€Å"It's apples and goddamn oranges,† Jabba said. â€Å"We've got gamma rays against electromagnetic pulse. Fissionable against unfissionable. Some is pure. Some is percentage. It's a mess!† â€Å"It's got to be here,† Susan said firmly. â€Å"We've got to think. There's some difference between plutonium and uranium that we're missing! Something simple!† â€Å"Ah†¦ guys?† Soshi said. She'd created a second document window and was perusing the rest of the Outlaw Labs document. â€Å"What is it?† Fontaine demanded. â€Å"Find something?† â€Å"Um, sort of.† She sounded uneasy. â€Å"You know how I told you the Nagasaki bomb was a plutonium bomb?† â€Å"Yeah,† they all replied in unison. â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Soshi took a deep breath. â€Å"Looks like I made a mistake.† â€Å"What!† Jabba choked. â€Å"We've been looking for the wrong thing?† Soshi pointed to the screen. They huddled around and read the text: †¦the common misconception that the Nagasaki bomb was a plutonium bomb. In fact, the device employed uranium, like its sister bomb in Hiroshima. â€Å"But-† Susan gasped. â€Å"If both elements were uranium, how are we supposed to find the difference between the two?† â€Å"Maybe Tankado made a mistake,† Fontaine ventured. â€Å"Maybe he didn't know the bombs were the same.† â€Å"No.† Susan sighed. â€Å"He was a cripple because of those bombs. He'd know the facts cold.† Chapter 126 â€Å"One minute!† Jabba eyed the VR. â€Å"PEM authorization's going fast. Last line of defense. And there's a crowd at the door.† â€Å"Focus!† Fontaine commanded. Soshi sat in front of the Web browser and read aloud. †¦Nagasaki bomb did not use plutonium but rather an artificially manufactured, neutron-saturated isotope of uranium 238.† â€Å"Damn!† Brinkerhoff swore. â€Å"Both bombs used uranium. The elements responsible for Hiroshima and Nagasaki were both uranium. There is no difference!† â€Å"We're dead,† Midge moaned. â€Å"Wait,† Susan said. â€Å"Read that last part again!† Soshi repeated the text. â€Å"†¦artificially manufactured, neutron-saturated isotope of uranium 238.† â€Å"238?† Susan exclaimed. â€Å"Didn't we just see something that said Hiroshima's bomb used some other isotope of uranium?† They all exchanged puzzled glances. Soshi frantically scrolled backward and found the spot. â€Å"Yes! It says here that the Hiroshima bomb used a different isotope of uranium!† Midge gasped in amazement. â€Å"They're both uranium-but they're different kinds!† â€Å"Both uranium?† Jabba muscled in and stared at the terminal. â€Å"Apples and apples! Perfect!† â€Å"How are the two isotopes different?† Fontaine demanded. â€Å"It's got to be something basic.† Soshi scrolled through the document. â€Å"Hold on†¦ looking†¦ okay†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Forty-five seconds!† a voice called out. Susan looked up. The final shield was almost invisible now. â€Å"Here it is!† Soshi exclaimed. â€Å"Read it!† Jabba was sweating. â€Å"What's the difference! There must be some difference between the two!† â€Å"Yes!† Soshi pointed to her monitor. â€Å"Look!† They all read the text: †¦two bombs employed two different fuels†¦ precisely identical chemical characteristics. No ordinary chemical extraction can separate the two isotopes. They are, with the exception of minute differences in weight, perfectly identical. â€Å"Atomic weight!† Jabba said, excitedly. â€Å"That's it! The only difference is their weights! That's the key! Give me their weights! We'll subtract them!† â€Å"Hold on,† Soshi said, scrolling ahead. â€Å"Almost there! Yes!† Everyone scanned the text. †¦difference in weight very slight†¦ †¦gaseous diffusion to separate them†¦ †¦10,032498X10?134 as compared to 19,39484X10?23.** â€Å"There they are!† Jabba screamed. â€Å"That's it! Those are the weights!† â€Å"Thirty seconds!† â€Å"Go,† Fontaine whispered. â€Å"Subtract them. Quickly.† Jabba palmed his calculator and started entering numbers. â€Å"What's the asterisk?† Susan demanded. â€Å"There's an asterisk after the figures!† Jabba ignored her. He was already working his calculator keys furiously. â€Å"Careful!† Soshi urged. â€Å"We need an exact figure.† â€Å"The asterisk,† Susan repeated. â€Å"There's a footnote.† Soshi clicked to the bottom of the paragraph. Susan read the asterisked footnote. She went white. â€Å"Oh†¦ dear God.† Jabba looked up. â€Å"What?† They all leaned in, and there was a communal sigh of defeat. The tiny footnote read: **12% margin of error. Published figures vary from lab to lab.

Business Law Essay

1.The contract provides that for every day of delay in completion of a commercial building, damages of $1000 are payable. The completion is delayed by 20 days due to the fault of the contractor. How much can the innocent party claim if the actual loss suffered is $22,000? Do you think generally, it is wise for a business to always have a liquidated damages clause? 2.At Your Service Pte Ltd is a big company which provides various travel related services, including overseas tour packages which are designed in-house. Tom, a customer, had booked a special in-house tour for 2 to Bali. Tom had booked the tour as he wanted to go to Bali for his honeymoon. However, subsequently Tom cancelled the booking as he broke up with his fiancà ©e. Tom had paid the sum in full as per the contract. However, the contract also provides that, if a cancellation is received 1 month before departure, 20% of the sum would be forfeited, if a cancellation is received 2 weeks before departure, 50% of the sum would be forfeited, if a cancellation is received 1 week before departure, 75% of the sum would be forfeited and if a cancellation is received at any time less than a week before departure, 100% of the sum would be forfeited. Tom cancelled the booking 3 days before departure. Tom nonetheless wants the full sum he paid returned, on the ground that he has not used any of the services. (Exam 09) 3. Perfect Timing Pte Ltd agreed to sell a machine to Sosway Pte Ltd at $20000. Delivery was to be on the 1st. However, when the 1st came, Perfect Timing Pte Ltd did not supply the machine to Sosway Pte Ltd and repudiated the contract due to various problems on its end. Sway Pte Ltd had wanted to use the machine for the production process. Thus far it had been using another machine for the production process, but on the eve of the 31st (the day before the delivery of the new machine), the old machine was sold and delivered to a third party. As a result Sosway Pte Ltd’s production came to a stand still on the 1st. Sosway Pte Ltd managed to get another similar machine from some other source within 21 days of the breach. (a) What damages can Sosway Pte Ltd claim for?   (b) Is there anything Sosway Pte Ltd could have done prior to entering into the contract which would have improved its position? (c) Does the concept of â€Å"mitigation† make business/practical sense? 4. On the 1st of May, Sweendal Pte Ltd, a van dealership company, entered into a contract with Mind Changers Pte Ltd, under which Mind Changers Pte Ltd agrees to buy a commercial van for $130000. On the 2nd of May, Mind Changers Pte Ltd cancels the order as it cannot get the financing. The market price of the van has remained the same. (a) What are Sweendal Pte Ltd’s remedies? (b) What if Sweendal Pte Ltd collected a deposit of $5000 and the contract provided that all deposits are non-refundable and will be forfeited if the buyer cancels the order? (c) Considering your answers in (a) and (b), would it be wise of Sweendal Pte Ltd to have a non-refundable deposit clause in the contract? 5. Mann Shan is a landlord and has rented out his premises to Payne. The contract prohibits sub-letting. Payne sublets the premises and has earned $30,000 profits in the process thus far. Advice Mann Shan who is unhappy. Market rates for rentals have gone up. 6. Deeva is a famous pop star who has been engaged by Show Off Productions to do a concert in Singapore. Thus far, Show Off Productions has spent $50,000 in promotions and all the tickets have been sold out. After this, Deeva cancels the concert as she has some other more important engagement. (a) Assuming if the concert had gone on, Show Off Productions would have made $200000 in net profits, advise them as to the damages they can recover from Diva. (b) What if the Show Off Productions cancelled the show (after Deeva cancelled it) before any of the tickets were sold and before any expenses were incurred? What can they sue for? Can they sue for damages for lost reputation? 7. J Pte Ltd entered into a contract with T Pte Ltd under which the latter is supposed to deliver some complicated custom made software. Can T Pte Ltd sub-contract part of the job to R Pte Ltd? What if R Pte Ltd, does something wrong in the process – can J Pte Ltd, sue T Pte Ltd in respect of that? If J Pte Ltd did not want the contract to be sub-contracted, what could it have done? Generally, what could be some reasons, why you do not want the contract to be sub-contracted? 8. Generally only parties to the contract can sue and be sued. However, in the following cases, are X and Y parties to the contract: (a)Z is an â€Å"authorized agent† for P type of cars in Singapore. The manufacturer is Y in Germany. X goes to Z and buys a P car. Is there a contract between X and Y? (b)Z sells hand phones and is the authorized agent for Y, a mobile phone service provider. X goes to Z shop and buys a phone and signs up to receive mobile phone service from Y. Is there a contract between X and Y? (c)Z is a maid agency. Y is a maid. X goes to the maid agency and chooses Y. Is there a contract between X and Y? (d)Z is a modeling agency. Y is a model. X goes to Z to get models to perform for an event. The models include Y. Is there a contract between X and Y? 9. Search web sites containing legal/contractual terms. Can you find an example of : (a)a liquidated damages clause .   (b)a clause dealing with or prohibiting sub-contracts or assignments Note: such exercises are important to understand and appreciate that what you are studying is not something just theoretical but arises in real life.

Jealousy, a Sign of Love or Insecurity Essay Example

Jealousy, a Sign of Love or Insecurity Essay Example Jealousy, a Sign of Love or Insecurity Paper Jealousy, a Sign of Love or Insecurity Paper Essay on Is Jealousy a Sign of Love or Insecurity? We have come across people who claim that jealousy made their relationships with their partners stronger. In addition to that, some people also claim that jealousy is healthy in a relationship. Most of us would assume that when a couple quarrels over something due to jealousy, they are just merely showing how much they love each other. Nearly all people equate jealousy with love however, opinions pointed out in this paper would suggest otherwise. Just the word jealousy, itself, can evoke many controversial feelings in a person. Most of us have probably felt it at one time or another in our lives. The majority of the time that we feel this emotion, we might not even be consciously aware of why we are jealous at the moment. It might feel like an automatic reaction for us; we see our beloved partner bursting out in laughter at a joke that some other potentially attractive woman or man made other than us. Suddenly, the rate of our heartbeat increases just a bit and our mind starts whirling and analyzing the situation. We sense a fear of losing our mate to the funny person, because we think that maybe they are better than us. When that happens, we either express jealousy in the form of violence by lashing out at our partner and giving false accusations or we resort to revenge by doing something which the other one objects to. Jealousy is not at all bad. In fact, it is a healthy ingredient in a relationship if the people involved know how to handle this kind of emotion. Rational thinking and disposition helps quell out the initial negative reactions. One must first think before acting in order to not embarrass oneself. Nobody could really keep someone to himself because interaction with other people is normal and that one must accept that this is inevitable. A person should not only be concentrated to one. In relationships, it is the only exclusive intimate sharing of one’s self which makes it different from other types of relationships. Healthy relationships are built on trust and secure feelings amid situations that can incite jealousy and doubtfulness. According to Dr. Conchita Umali, dean of the Assumption Grade School and a practicing psychology, distrust is an issue for jealousy. If a partner has previously engaged in something which has caused the other to lose trust, then that maybe a possible ground for jealousy and doubtfulness. On the other hand, jealousy may also mean that a person is afraid of losing someone of great importance to him. As pointed out by Jireh Singson, a Music Production student from the De La Salle – College of Saint Benilde and my close acquiantance, although jealousy is healthy in a relationship, jealousy cannot be deemed as a form of expression of love. That is due to one’s greediness – thinking of one’s benefit since that person does not want to lose that someone because he derives something from him or her. Instead of thinking what is good for both of you, you only think about what is good for yourself and how you can benefit more from the other. Without him or her, the other does not feel as good with himself as when he was when he still had her. Therefore, to sum it all, jealousy cannot be considered as a form of expressing love because all in all, jealousy reflects a person’s insecurity toward someone who he might think is better.

Best Tips on How to Write Any Debate Essay

Best Tips on How to Write Any Debate Essay The nightmare of being a student is in the fact that you never know the type of assignment your teacher might ask you to do at any point in time. You might end up thoroughly failing in your class work unless you understand some of the most crucial concepts for handling some of these tasks. This paper will focus on debate essays and ways in which you can achieve high scores by following simple procedures and guidelines. Introduction on How to Write a Debate Essay These essays are narratives that are built on arguments. They divide people into two distinct groups – You are forced to either support or oppose a motion with no option for a middle ground. You are to present all the facts that you believe will help you win your argument. Such conflicts are mostly seen among politicians during parliamentary sessions. Arguments also occur among ordinary people in normal interactions. Crucial Facts on How to Start a Debate Essay You first need to know how to write a debate essay step by step if you are to get everything right. Understand what comes first and what needs to be placed in the middle and last section of your document. Here is something you should consider at the start of every paper: Create a hook You need to get the attention of your audience through the first few lines of your paper. Use facts that are mind-boggling and that are likely to make them trust you. Make this information sound new to them even if they have heard of it before. Provide statistics to support your claims. For instance, don’t just say that â€Å"road accidents are some of the major causes of death in the world.† Instead, show the number of people who are killed every year as a result of rogue driving. Show how some of these people are breadwinners in their families or even newlyweds. In other words, capture the attention and imagination of people by all possible means. Show the origin Every issue always has roots, some of which are never known to the public. Dig deeper into the archives and retrieve enough information that shows how the problem began. In the case of road accidents, you can research to find out how, why, and when the first road accident occurred. You can be more specific to reveal the names of those who lost their lives. Find out what impact these victims had in their nation and include it in your document. However, do not be too wordy. Formulate a thesis statement This is a summary of what the paper is all about. It shows the relationship between cause and effect by indicating why you support your argument. Avoid being too general since the sentence will lose meaning. Do not say, Several factors lead to road accidents. Instead, mention these factors. Say something like Road accidents are caused by increased levels of corruption, drunk driving, poor roads, and faulty traffic lights. Choosing what to Omit Resist the temptation of including every detail in your introduction. That is not how to write a good debate essay. Details are to be added in the body section and not in the introduction. Resist the temptation of wanting to share everything you know about a topic. Stay focused even as you try hard to make your audience agree with you. Different Ways of Making a Thesis Statement It is not a must that you use the same method as everyone else when creating your thesis statement. You have three distinct options for this section whenever you are writing a debate essay. Here are the three main ways to construct any thesis statement. Provide all pointers Your thesis statement can include the crucial points you intend to talk about. Take, for example, a topic like Teenage Pregnancy. The points you might want to discuss probably include â€Å"neglect by family members, rot in the society, and drug abuse.† You can introduce these points in the following way: Sample: â€Å"Increased pregnancy among teenage girls is as a result of neglect by parents, moral decay in the society, and unreported rape cases.† You will need to discuss each point in details when you get to the body section. This might be the best option for you as you would easily spot all your crucial points and discuss them in details without forgetting any of them. Answer a question Use your topic to formulate a question. For instance, ask yourself why most people are unhappy with their lifestyles. You should be able to develop an answer that can be used in your thesis. Here is a typical response to such a question: Sample: People are not happy with their lifestyles due to the high levels of unemployment that leaves them living below their means, and that denies them the ability to enjoy the luxuries of life. Express your discontentment You can show why you believe that some assumptions are wrong. Provide your reasons in the same sentence. Make this an argument that might strike a constructive conversation. Here is a good example: Sample: â€Å"It is vague to assume that all old illiterate people can learn statistics since this is a technical discipline that requires young people with high IQ.† We hope that all your questions on what is a debate essay were sufficiently answered. Make good use of the information provided here to master how to write your debate essay effectively. Simple Tips for Writing a Debate Essay The ideas provided in this article should be incorporated into the structure of a debate essay. Have a clear understanding of how to begin a debate essay. Here are more tricks and tips on how to make a debate essay. Sound professional: You cannot convince people unless you make them believe that you know what you are talking about. Be thorough: Exhaust all the points needed to create a convincing document. Introduce your points: Every new paragraph should have a short sentence to let your audience know what to expect. Strong conclusion: Amaze your audience with a memorable ending. It has to be in line with your thesis statement. These tips will leave a mark in the heart of any examiner. This result leads to good scores. Hire Writing Company You can hire a professional writer to help you write your paper. This relieves you of the stress of having to do the job on your own. It is especially crucial when you have other commitments that are taking most of your attention. Such engagements include family meetings and adventures, revisions for forthcoming exams, or a trip with friends. A professional academic writer often has the qualifications needed to work on any project. Your paper, whether urgent or not, will be handled in the most professional way possible. You will receive a perfectly written paper with no grammar errors, and that is also free of plagiarism. Place your orders with us today and allow us to provide you with excellent writing services. We have bonuses just for you.