Japan and Capitalism Free Essays

string(31) was boorish and out of date. Japan: Capitalism and the Economic Miracle The worldwide triumph of private enterprise was the most significant verifiable issue of the nineteenth century. It was the triumph of a sort of society that had faith in the way that monetary advancement depended on serious private venture and the achievement of purchasing however much as could reasonably be expected from the market. It was viewed as that an economy laying on the strong establishments of the white collar class, would not just make a universe of appropriately conveyed riches, yet in addition it would teach individuals, create thinking and increment human chance. We will compose a custom paper test on Japan and Capitalism or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now Summing up, a universe of constant and quick material and good turn of events. The couple of hindrances that stayed in the way of this advancement would quickly be settled or survived. The historical backdrop of this period is portrayed by an enormous forward leap in the worldwide economy of mechanical private enterprise. Certain districts of the world past private enterprise were put under tension by the entrepreneur nations who attempted to pick up understanding in their economies by opening new markets, these areas had to pick between a decided obstruction towards free enterprise in agreement to their customs and lifestyles or a modernization procedure which would bring diverse social changes. Given this rationale, Japan was during the mid-nineteenth century under tension from the outside forces and the emergency of their framework dependent on the Shoguns. This circumstance prompted Japan, to do a total change process (financial, political and social) known as the Meiji Restoration, which denoted the beginning stage of present day Japanese society. The presentation of the United States in the Pacific at long last carried Japan to the focal point of Western endeavors to â€Å"open† their business sectors. Direct obstruction was unthinkable, the frail endeavors to compose had as of now be appeared. The straightforward political concessions were close to an impermanent catalyst. As of now in 1853-1854, Commodore Perry, from the United States Navy had constrained them to open certain ports through the normal strategy for maritime undermining. In 1862 the British, shelled the city of Kagoshima with complete exemption in reprisal for the homicide of an Englishman by the Japanese. The nearness of Western powers was, now, a real certainty of the ordinary Japanese life. At long last in 1868 the Meiji Restoration was broadcasted, the Restoration put together itself with respect to the exchange of state power from the Shogun to the Emperor. This began a political, financial and social procedure that, following ten years of disturbance and common agrarian rebellions prompted the modernization of the state and national solidarity. Because of these realities the Meiji Restoration is viewed as the beginning stage of present day Japanese society. To do the undertaking of â€Å"modernization† financial assets were restlessly required so as to ace the noble’s opposition, to stifle rebellions and changes of common ranchers, to repay land proprietors, to ensure, to elevate the business and to installâ state fabricating edifices. It was likewise imperative to modernize and balance the express, the military and the bureaucratic framework. Because of the restricted improvement of modern capital, the new government had to look for money related assets inside the land, in light of property charges. Be that as it may, so as to adjust to the changing needs of the express, these charges became charge cash. These budgetary courses of action, set up by the legislature of the reclamation were the beginning stage of the land changes. Concerning the early improvement of private enterprise, the Japanese case stamped clear contrasts as for what Western Europe had just experienced. In the West the state incorporated assembling were vanishing during the middle class unrest, while in Japan state plants created the nation over, in view of the steel showcase. Fabric manufacturing plants and their apparatus were immediately overhauled through a procedure known as modern insurgency â€Å"from above†, which depends on the assistance of the state to update the current business. The quantity of state processing plants continued rising and topped in the time of the 1870-1880. After the 1880s, these organizations ensured by the legislature were then presented to open sale and were then purchased by the entrepreneurs imposing business model, a portion of these enterprises developed as rich as Mitsui or Mitsubishi, who kept in touch with the state. The Japanese unrest, permitted the improvement of business action and usurer capital of the old kind, so as to keep away from the abolishment of the primitive relations of land property, and to guarantee the opportunity and independence of the free working class and little specialists. Despite the fact that the exemplary free enterprise insurgency included the change from business cash-flow to modern capital, the Japanese unrest followed another way. In Japan the mechanical insurgency just as the change of business capital into modern capital happened under the imposing business model of the rich industrialists, which demonstrated the primary distinction from that of Western European private enterprise. Obviously this specific structure was dictated by the horticultural and the primitive frameworks of land property, which guaranteed the endurance and duplication of medieval relations of creation inside the Japanese farming. Progressive activists perceived that so as to complete their motivation of sparing the nation, they required a procedure of orderly Westernization. By 1868 many had contact with outsiders, some had even voyage abroad, individuals at that point started to perceive that preservation included change. The main thrust that moved Japan towards this change was its interest to turn out to be increasingly Western. It appeared as though the West unmistakably had the mystery of achievement and along these lines Japan needed to mirror it no matter what. Taking a lot of qualities nd foundations of another general public and executing it into the Japanese society was an amazing, horrible, and tricky endeavor. Anyway this endeavor wasn't possible in a shallow and inadequately controlled manner, particularly in a general public which was significantly unique in relation to the West. Many started with a solid energy for the West and anything that originated from across them. For certain individuals, the remodel appeared to suggest the relinquishment of such was Japanese, as they thought about that all the past was brutal and obsolete. You read Japan and Capitalism in classification Paper models The proposition came to even to the reestablishment of the Japanese race, thought about hereditarily second rate, and was started to be improved through interbreeding with the Western â€Å"superior race†, these proposals depended on Western hypotheses of bigotry and social Darwinism, they truly discovered help at the higher and well off Japanese classes. Certain styles of life, for example, attire or food, were less embraced than the innovative or building styles and thoughts from the West. Westernization here raised a significant quandary, not at all like what had occurred earlier with the appropriation of Chinese components by the Japanese. Since â€Å"all the Western† was not as straightforward and as intelligent, it was an entire complex of establishments and thoughts which by and large were inverse to the conventional Japanese culture. By and by, the Japanese picked the British model, which normally filled in as guide towards the advancement of the railroad, the message, materials, and numerous different strategies for business. France roused the lawful change and set the reason for the military change. Colleges put together themselves with respect to the German and American models, just as essential training, rural developments and mailing frameworks. In 1875-1876 more than 500 remote specialists were utilized, this number rose to 3,000 by the 1890s. Anyway picking between the diverse political and ideological viewpoints was not excessively simple. Japan was politically against the liberal average frameworks of Britain and France. Radicalism was normally contradicted to the absolutist state, which was embraced in Japan after the Restoration. Thusly, Westernization additionally depended on the receptions of thoughts, including Christianity which the Japanese individuals didn't identify with. After some time, a solid foundational response against Westernization and the liberal model started to ascend inside the nation. This response showed itself in the constitution of 1889, generally in view of a neotraditionalist response which for all intents and purposes created the Shinto, another religion dependent on the love of the ruler. As of now the mix of specific neotraditionalism and modernization continued rising and was making and offering shape to the new framework. Notwithstanding, there was strain between the individuals who accepted that Westernization implied a total upheaval and the individuals who accepted that it was the way to monetary advancement. Past these interior logical inconsistencies, Japan did an unbelievable procedure of modernization that made it an imposing current force, separating them from the remainder of the Asian nations. As of now it was difficult to envision that, after 50 years, Japan would be an incredible force equipped for crushing their European partners in a furnished encounter. After the Restoration, the Meiji government had the errand of satisfying two primary objectives. From one viewpoint, they needed to settle on whether to fortify the military, as it were, to build up a military that permitted Japan to confront the West. This choice denoted the start of a debacle, as it is a significant viewpoint to clarify the inception of the contentions that prompted Japan to take part in the Second World War. The second objective of the Meiji strategy managed monetary turn of events. The choices taken in this field would without a doubt be the best and suffering parts of the Revolution. The war left Japan with serious issues: more than ten million u

Wireless and Mobile Technologies Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Remote and Mobile Technologies - Case Study Example e of this conversation is to utilize the contextual investigation of Delta Airlines and show the manner in which versatile and remote innovations can be utilized for drawing in new clients and conveying hierarchical errands as a method of improving business effectiveness. Versatile innovation alludes to the cell correspondence dependent on convenient innovation (Smyth, 2004). The innovation incorporates the utilization of dial-up administrations and remote conventions access to the web. Then again, remote innovations allude to a wide range of interchanges where transmission of data occurs over a characterized separation without the assistance of wires, links or any electrical conveyor (Webb, 2010). For instance, Infrared remote correspondence is utilized for information or data in gadgets with infrared radiation establishment Portable and remote correspondence advances are utilized to improve client assistance in business settings. Clients can utilize remote correspondences or portable registering alternatives to get to client relationship the executives frameworks. Remote association permits the business to refresh client subtleties from a remote area. Delta uses cell phone applications and Wi-Fi to make a 24-hour client support during flights (News.delta.com, 2015). The innovations give extraordinary adaptability in working. Portable figuring gives ground-breaking arrangements that can be gotten to through a system. For instance, Delta targets making an enduring voyaging experience and refreshing clients about flights and ticketing through remote and versatile stages. Clients get data through cell phones and web based life on the best way to book tickets and catch next flights. Portable and remote advances are utilized to keep creation or administration arrangement issues under tight restraints (News.delta.com, 2015). Firms produce items or offer administrations with no gross blunders. The security and wellbeing of Delta clients rely upon how well they can follow their gear and stuff during the flight. Establishment of a Wi-Fi framework where clients can

Causes of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Causes of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD Print The Causes of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 16, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 02, 2019 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children In This Article Table of Contents Expand Genetics Toxins Exposure to Substances in Utero Illnesses  and Injuries What Does Not Cause ADHD View All The exact cause of ADHD isnt known. But, researchers suspect there may be several factors that play a role in determining whether someone might develop ADHD. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin Genetics Whether you have recently been  diagnosed with ADHD  or have been living with ADHD for many years, a question almost all adults ask is:  Will my children have ADHD,  too? The answer is:  It depends. ADHD is primarily a hereditary disorder. It is estimated that the percentage of genetic contribution to ADHD is over 70%.?? Despite this strong genetic link, having ADHD doesn’t automatically mean youll pass it on to your child. This is because it is a combination of genes and environmental factors that determine whether a child develops ADHD. Children can inherit ADHD genes without them being activated. For example, one research study found that one-third of fathers with ADHD had children that also developed ADHD.?? If you inherit ADHD from a parent, their ADHD presentation (or subtype) whether Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive  or combined,  will not influence the ADHD presentation you have. To date, several gene candidates have been found in families who demonstrate ADHD; however, scientists feel that it is not one particular gene but the interaction of several of these genes and the environment that cause ADHD symptoms to manifest.?? ADHD is not a sex-linked condition. In other words, ADHD does not occur only in males and is thus not passed down only from a father to the children. So often people think, “It’s only fathers who can have ADHD, and if the dad doesn’t have ADHD then the child can’t possibly have it.” This is inaccurate.?? Although ADHD is more frequent in males than females, it is important to understand that both mothers and fathers can have ADHD. Toxins Exposure to lead (even low levels) can result in hyperactivity and inattention. Lead can be found a variety of places, such as in the paint of homes built before 1978 or previously in gasoline.?? Exposure to Substances in Utero A mothers health and habits during pregnancy can also play a role in the development of ADHD. Poor nutrition and infections during pregnancy can increase the risk of ADHD, for example. Theres also evidence that says using substances during pregnancy increases the risk that the child will develop ADHD. Heres what the research says: Smoking  A 2018 study published in Pediatrics found a significant relationship between smoking during pregnancy and the likelihood of a child having ADHD. The risk of ADHD was greater in children whose mothers were heavy smokers. The study couldnt conclude that smoking causes ADHD but it did indicate that a correlation exists.Maternal Alcohol Use - Some studies have found that mothers who drink during pregnancy are more likely to have children with ADHD. A 2018 study found that the use of at least four drinks or the regular use of low-moderate alcohol doses during pregnancy was associated with significantly increased odds of subsequent child ADHD. A 2017 study, however, found that there was no link between maternal alcohol use and a clinical ADHD diagnosis in children. This study suggested that children may develop some symptoms of ADHD if their mother used alcohol, but they didnt necessarily qualify for an ADHD diagnosis. 10 Risks of Smoking During Pregnancy Certain Illnesses  and Injuries Illnesses such as meningitis or encephalitis can result in learning and attention problems.????? A small percentage of the population will manifest ADHD symptoms as a result of brain damage, such as an early brain injury, trauma or another impediment to normal brain development.?? What Does Not Cause ADHD As more research is carried out, not only are we learning what causes ADHDâ€"we are also learning what does not cause ADHD.  Although the following things have sometimes been thought to contribute, research is clear that these things do not lead to ADHD: Watching  TV  Diet, including too much sugarHormone disorders (such as low thyroid)Poor parentingPlaying video and computer games A Word From Verywell Its likely that ADHD stems from a variety of symptoms. Someone who has a genetic predisposition, for example, may encounter environmental factors that also contribute to the development of ADHD.?? How Is ADHD Diagnosed?

A Brief Look at Aerospace Engineering - 542 Words

Discover Engineering: Aerospace Engineering According to Dictionary.com, engineering is a branch of science and technology that works with design and building. Also engineering is a career that focuses on solving problems by using the design process.Engineers work on the following: they solve, design, test and building things that humans use on a daily use. The Engineering Profession Chemical Engineering- According to Wikipedia.com chemical engineering is solve problems by using science, for example, creating new materials or try to make energy by connecting two diamonds, or making things that don’t damage the Earth or humans. Civil Engineering-According to Dictionary.com, civil engineering is a career that deals with design problems, or design something that we see in our regular day and we use. For example: roads, bridges, canals, and others builds that the humans use. Electrical Engineering- According to Wikipedia.com, electrical engineering works and solve problems related to electricity and electronics. Electrical engineering has started since the 19th century after the first telephone and electric power. Mechanical Engineering- According to Wikipedia.com, mechanical engineering applies to math and physics to analysis a design or to solve a problem. They products and operates machines and tools that a human use on a daily basis.This field type of en gineering also connects to electrical and civil engineering. My Engineering Profession TheShow MoreRelatedPersonal Branding1056 Words   |  5 PagesPersonal Branding Plan Paper MKT/421 7/20/15 Personal Brand Plan I am an IT Professional with over 8 years of experience working with hardware, software and network engineering. Throughout my career I have held various positions including several leadership roles. 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Philippine National Heroes Of The Philippines - 1583 Words

Philippine National Heroes Most, if not all countries have people that engineered their formation as a nation or free their territory from foreign occupants. Sometimes, there is a person that stands out among all heroes that is respected and acknowledged by the majority of the population in a certain society. As a national hero he or she is called to the state in which the person give his or her all to the point of dying in order to obtain the cherish freedom that eludes them. In the Philippines, there are two people in its history that stands out among the rest as the champions of freedom, Andres Bonifacio and Jose Rizal. Bonifacio and Rizal still divides the Filipinos today of who really is the national hero of the Philippines. The different opinions about these two heroes didn’t cause social unrest of course, but it is still an issue that lingers in the minds of the Filipinos. Therefore, the purpose of this essay is to evaluate who is among the two, Bonifacio or Rizal, is worthy of to be called the P hilippines national hero by discussing their similarities and differences. No two people are exactly the same. Even twins who have the same genetic make-up have differences in their personality and physical attributes. Andres Bonifacio was born poor and was orphaned early in life. Hence, he has to stop schooling in order to earn a living. He self-educate himself by reading the works of Victor Hugo, Jose Rizal, Eugene Sue, books about the French Revolution and the biographiesShow MoreRelatedPhilippine National Heroes Of The Philippines1589 Words   |  7 PagesPhilippine National Heroes Most, if not all countries have people that engineered their formation as a nation or free their territory from foreign occupants. Sometimes, there is a person that stands out among all heroes that is respected and acknowledged by the majority of the population in a certain society. 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Essay on Margaret Atwood’s Rape Fantasies Free Essays

Damarcus Fitzhugh Lenore Harris ENG 001B 11/18/2012 In most short stories of the past there have always been Heroes and Villains; good vs. evil. Whether it’s the innocent Hansel and Gretel vs. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on Margaret Atwood’s Rape Fantasies or any similar topic only for you Order Now the evil cannibalistic witch; authors tended to paint the line separating the two through their uses of certain writing tools. The point Atwood attempts to drive into the reader is women’s naivety and overall downplay of rape. Margaret Atwood, author of Rape Fantasies, relies heavily on Irony and Characterization to get her point across. In the story Estelle, the narrator and main character, shares her rape fantasies along . In all of them she is a victim, later in the story, we find out that the reason she has these thoughts about being raped is so that if she ever is in a situation like one where she might get raped, she wants to be prepared to avoid it and protect herself. This shows an unrealistic and naive view on what rape really is. She imagines the rapist to be the victim instead of her. As mentioned in the text, all the rapists she fantasizes about are victims of some sort of mental or physical trait considered undesirable Atwood uses characterization, specifically in Estelle, with whom she characterizes as condescending, sarcastic and negative at times. She is a young office worker who notes how popular the subject â€Å"Rape† has become in women’s magazines. Estelle is playing a game with her co-workers over their lunch hour, when Chrissy, a woman from Estelle’s office, brings up the topic of rape fantasies. Estelle would rather just continue playing, but instead, the small group of ladies decides to go around the table sharing their own rape fantasies. (1) Darlene, the oldest, and the only divorced women of the group finds these fantasies revolting and ends up turning her back on the other ladies. later she returns, unable to resist the interesting taboo) (1) Chrissy and Sondra are very eager to share their â€Å"rape fantasies† but after they do Estelle informs them that they were not legitimate rape fantasies but merely romantic fantasies; she then describes a story of a man jumping her in a dark alley, or sneaking into her house when she is sick in bed. In all of Estelle’s stories the men are pathetic, lonely individuals who have something â€Å"wrong† with them either mentally or physically. Here we see Estelle victimize the rapist in order to protect herself. She believes she can talk herself out of being raped. After sharing all the rape fantasies the story goes into a deeper monologue and a new light is shed on why Estelle’s fantasies (1) all end the way they do. It is because she feels that after getting to know someone and getting a glimpse of what they think and how they feel there is no way a person would be able to rape the other; this theory contradicts almost every book that says women are usually raped by someone they know. Irony is introduced within the conversations the women have. Moving from woman to woman, Darlene calling the entire thing â€Å"disgusting,† Greta describing a Tarzan-like situation, Chrissy describing hers in a bath, when Estelle, ever the voice of reason, informs them that what they are describing are sexual fantasies: â€Å"Listen . . . those aren’t rape fantasies. I mean, you aren’t getting raped, it’s just some guy you haven’t met formally who happens to be more attractive than Derek Cummins . . and you have a good time, rape is when they’ve got a knife or something and you don’t want to†. (1) Angered, the other women insist that she tell them hers. Content, Estelle then describes her rape fantasy where she deflects her rapist by squirting lemon juice from a plastic bottle in his eyes (â€Å"You should hear the one about the Easy Off Cleaner†), and the one where â€Å"this short, ugly fellow comes up and grabs my ar m . . . I say, â€Å"Oh for Christ sake,’ and he starts to cry,† which prompts a wave of sympathy in Estelle. And there’re more, all with Estelle stopping her attacker through talking to him (â€Å"I’ve just found out I have leukemia†), or talking him out of it. (1) As the story continues, we become aware that Estelle is talking to someone in addition to the reader–â€Å"I hope you don’t mind me holding my nose like this . . . † and that person is probably a man (two times Estelle says, â€Å"But I guess it’s different for a guy†). As the story ends, we realize that Estelle has been in a bar, talking to a man she had just met, she worries about possibly being raped by him. â€Å"Like, how could a fellow do that to a person he’s just had a long conversation with, once you let them know you’re human, you have a life too, I don’t see how they could go ahead with it, right? † (Last Paragraph) We are left wondering whether this entire story is Estelle’s deliberate inventions, her attempt to control a dangerous interaction. Citation Atwood, Margaret. Rape Fantasies. S. l. : S. n. , .. ]. Print. How to cite Essay on Margaret Atwood’s Rape Fantasies, Essay examples

School Uniform Keep it or ditch it Essay Example For Students

School Uniform Keep it or ditch it? Essay Dear Mr Shorey, In the last school newsletter you stated that you were thinking about getting rid of school uniform. I feel that getting rid of school uniform would be a big mistake and in this letter I am going to explain why I think this by stating my opinion in a balanced argument. During assembly would you rather look upon a sea of blue jumpers and smart looking students or a muddle and mis-match of all sorts of colours and scruffy looking children? School uniform gives the school an identity and keeps it, as well as the pupils, looking smart. Our schools school uniform should be worn with pride and we should be proud to belong to Court-Moor and not our rivals Calthorpe! Another reason for wearing school uniform is that when we are on day trips with the school it is much easier for teachers to see who belongs with whom. If there are hundreds of people around and a teacher is trying to find his or her students in amongst such chaos it would be much easier to spot them if they are in school uniform. There is also a much more serious reason why uniform should be worn: bullying. People are bullied because of their skin colour, if theyre fat or thin, ugly, spotty, if they have no friends, a slightly up-turned nose, a big nose, big ears, large lips, no lips, slanted eyes, if they smell, the list goes on and if you get rid off school uniform youll just be increasing this list. People will be bullied for not having the right clothes; these people probably dont have enough money to buy clothes in fashion. There will be others who wear the same thing over and over again and will get picked on for that No wonder you smell, youve worn that top for the past week! Its not fair, but having school uniform stops this kind of bullying because people cant be judged on the clothes they wear as everyone is wearing the same. This, surprisingly, takes me to a reason for getting rid of school uniform; all the students wear the same thing. A number of people say everyone has a right to be their own individual but wearing school uniform suppresses ones individuality. It is a human right to have freedom of speech and some would say this freedom of speech could be expressed through the choice of clothes someone wears. Does that mean the wearing of school uniform is wrong and goes against human rights? If we, the students were to wear our own clothes everyday I guarantee that people would be stuck for what to wear and back to what I said earlier, no-one wants to be seen to be wearing the same thing twice in a close period of time. This means buying more and more clothes, which is just too expensive. School uniform is much cheaper and more hardwearing as well so lasts longer. The clothes  the students wear at weekends would be ruined and become tatty much quicker than before, which again leads to the buying of more clothes or coming to school in rags and that just isnt smart or even casual, just grubby and untidy. Most students would agree with your decision to lose school uniform and they would just nod along with your reasons for getting rid of uniform pretending they agree but actually the girls dont like uniform because you cant see their figure underneath it, so they cant flaunt in front of the boys and vice-versa, the boys want to impress the girls. This seems to me to be a good reason for keeping school uniform. This whole thing about cultural differences is simply bunk! EssayThe only commendable reason for getting rid of school uniform is the fact that it suppresses ones individuality and everyone has a right to express themselves but its not only clothes that allow a person to express themselves but their hair as well. If you get rid of school uniform students will then start to argue that because there isnt a uniform anymore they should be allowed to wear their hair the way they want. You wont be able to argue; if you do, you would make yourself a hypocrite. If you then relax rules on hair, the girls are then going to start arguments about make-up and why shouldnt they be allowed to wear it, next comes jewellery. Its like a chain-reaction. Imagine you have visitors or prospective parents looking around the school, what would you rather they saw. A mob of scruffy looking students with strange hairstyles and girls skimpily clad with makeup to match or some smart looking students, ties don e up properly, skirts not too short, model pupils that are an excellent representative for your school. I admit it is much more pleasant to be in your own clothes than school uniform, I feel much more relaxed in normal everyday clothes and occasionally I can feel quite uncomfortable in school uniform. Even so I would rather wear school uniform at school than my normal clothes because school is a place for working and when adults go to work they look smart, so why shouldnt I look smart too? A good way of raising money for charity is by having mufti days but if you get rid of school uniform we wont be able to raise money this way and will have to think of other ways but none will be as successful as mufti days. Having mufti days has always made the students hyper-active and excited, will everyday at school be like that if we dont have school uniform or will we get bored of wearing our own clothes? The excitement will wane and all that will of happened is that weve lost a fantastic way of raising money for charities. The only worthy argument for getting rid off school uniform I can find is that uniform suppresses ones individuality and everyone has a right to express themselves. If  you think about it this isnt really true though, everyone has his or her own personality and uniform cant restrain that, everyone can shine whether or not they are wearing their own clothes. Every single person is unique even if they are wearing the same thing, people will just have to find a different way to express themselves than through their clothes. Therefore, I see no reason why you should get rid of school uniform only reasons to keep it, I hope I have given you something to think about and hopefully persuaded you to reconsider your decision to liberate school uniform. Yours sincerely, Clare Fenwick

e Essays - Economic Ideologies, Socialism, Social Theories

The trade restrictions were lifted because the British war with France ended with the Treaty and the British lifted their Impressment laws and the Chesapeake law. The 13 Colonies were able to live under the Constitution freely without the interference of the British Empire. 75.(Video) Who was ?The Prophet A man who fought to aid the Indians, he helped the Indians form one union. 76.(Video) What were ?the Prophet?s? and Tecumseh?s goals? To unite all Indians under one nation. 77.(Video) Why did Tecumseh and many other Native American people side with the British during the War of 1812? They promised freedom. 78.(Video) What was the outcome of the War of 1812 with regards to Indian people? The outcome of the War of 1812 was the abolishment of slavery amongst Indian people. Utopianism and Socialism 79.What was the context of the emergence of socialists during the nineteenth-century? The market was highly unstable. 80.What did the socialists believe about social, political, and economic equality? Many believed that social and political equality was not possible without economic equality. 81.What kind of a world did the Utopian Socialists attempt to create? They worked for a larger equalitarian world. 82.Why did most of their experiments fail? There was no profit motive so the people did what they enjoyed rather than abide by socialist ideas. 83.Who were the Shakers and the Onieda? What did they believe and why did they not last? Both groups believed in and perceived a second coming of Christ. They did not work because the Onieda eventually turned into a capitalist corporation to survive and the Shakers failed because it faded out due to a lack of converts. 84. In the United States, what was the only enduring utopian experiment? Mormonism. 85. What factors may explain why this utopian society succeeded while others failed? It succeeded due to the large amount of converters. 86. What was the purpose of trade unions and what was the idea behind strikes? Strikes often became violent, but most trade unionists did not wish to overthrow the capitalist system. They endeavored to improve workers conditions and living standards within it. 87. Briefly discuss Karl Marx?s views of the class system? Scorned utopian socialists as unrealistic idealists. Sought to use the worker cooperation manifest in trade unions to their advantage. Argued that capitalism divided people into two classes 88. What type of world did Marx wish to create? A more realistic world was the type of world that Marx wished to create. 89. How was change to take place under Marxist Socialism (Communism)? -The Proletariat was destined to rise up and violently overthrow the system & establish communism A dictatorship of the proletariat? -The abolition of private property The land and businesses should be put in the hands of ?the people? via the state -The abolition of classes and the establishment of an egalitarian society -After the state was secure, the state would wither away 90. How did evolutionary socialists propose to change society? Make things more equal among the people. 91.Three major immigrant groups during the early to mid-1800s: Germans, Chinese and the Irish. 92.How did a crop indigenous to the Americas, the potato, propel Irish immigration? The potato famine caused the Irish to immigrate to the Americas. 93.Who were the Nativists and why did they emerge? Argued that America was native-born Americans whose ancestors had fought to secure the land against the American Indians and British. Emerged primarily in response to the massive waves of immigrants Argued that these immigrants drove down wages, drained charity, caused crime to increase, impacted American culture negatively, represented an undesirable religious element (Catholics at a time when most Americans were Protestant), and voted for those who promised them jobs and services. Formed a political party: The Know Nothings 94. What was a political machine and how/why did they often rouse anti-Irish sentiment? Promised jobs, housing, and other services in exchange for votes.Targeted poor and ethnic neighborhoods. 95. Describe the relationship between Irish immigrants and free blacks in the North. The Irish and free blacks in the North competed for the lowest paying jobs and were considered of equal social stature. 96. Why did male social clubs and gangs emerge? -A means of fraternity and brotherhood -Mutual protection -Mutual aid in terms of jobs opportunity, loans, and the assurance that someone would take care of funeral rituals in the case of death 97. (Video) Describe the Five Points (New York). The name

10 Examples of Electrical Conductors and Insulators

10 Examples of Electrical Conductors and Insulators Do you need examples of electrical conductors and insulators? Heres a handy list, but first, lets review just what conductors and insulators are. How Electrical Conductors and Insulators Work Electrical conductors are materials that conduct electricity; insulators dont. Why? Whether a substance conducts electricity depends on how easily electrons can move through it. Protons dont move because, while they would carry electrical charge, they are bound to other protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei. Valence electrons are like outer planets orbiting a star. They are attracted enough to stay in position, but it doesnt always take a lot of energy to knock them out of place. Metals readily lose and gain electrons, so they rule the list of conductors. Organic molecules are mostly insulators, in part because they are held together by covalent (shared electron) bonds and also because hydrogen bonding helps stabilize many molecules. Most materials are neither good conductors, nor good insulators. They dont readily conduct, but if enough energy is supplied, the electrons will move. Some materials are insulators in pure form, but will conduct if they are doped with small quantities of another element or if they contain impurities. For example, most ceramics are excellent insulators, but if you dope them, you can get a superconductor. Pure water is an insulator, but dirty water conducts weakly and salt water, with its free-floating ions, conducts well. 10 Electrical Conductors The best electrical conductor, under conditions of ordinary temperature and pressure, is the metallic element silver. Its not always an ideal choice as a material, though, because of its cost and because it tarnishes. The oxide layer known as tarnish is not conductive. Similarly, rust, verdigris, and other oxide layers reduce conductivity. silvergoldcopperaluminummercurysteelironsea waterconcretemercury more conductors: platinumbrassbronzegraphitedirty waterlemon juice 10 Electrical Insulators rubberglasspure wateroilairdiamonddry wooddry cottonplasticasphalt more insulators: fiberglassdry paperporceleinceramicquartz Its worth noting the shape and size of a material affects conductivity. A thick piece of matter will conduct better than a thin piece of the same length. If you take two pieces of a material that are the same thickness, but one is shorter than the other, the shorter one will conduct better. It has less resistance, in much the same way its easier to force water through a short pipe than a long one. Temperature also affects conductivity. As increase temperature, atoms and their electrons gain energy. Some insulators (e.g., glass) are poor conductors when cool, yet good conductors when hot. Most metals are better conductors when cool and poorer conductors when hot. Some good conductors become superconductors at extremely low temperatures. Although electrons flow through a conductive material, they dont damage the atoms or cause wear, like you would get from friction of water in a canyon, for example. Moving electrons do experience resistance or cause friction, however. The flow of electrical current can lead to heating of a conductive material. Do you need more examples? Here is a more comprehensive list that includes thermal conductors and insulators.

Sickle cell anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sickle cell anemia - Essay Example value to carrying a single sickle-cell gene in these areas because people with only two alleles of the gene are much less likely to fall victim to malaria (Kwiatkowski, 2005). The condition is characterized by the shape of the individual’s red blood cells, which tend to adopt a rigid, abnormal ‘sickle’ shape to them that decreases the cell’s flexibility and can create a number of complications throughout the body as a result. This occurs as a result of a mutation in the hemoglobin gene and it affects approximately 1 in 5,000 Americans, most of who are of African American descent. The life expectancy for people with sickle cell anemia is shorter than normal averaging 42 for men and 48 for women (Platt, Brambilla & Rosse, 1994). The purpose of the present research is to identify the genetic origins of this illness and the affects it can have upon the body. There are a number of different forms of the disease which are classified based upon the mutations present within the blood. Sickle cell anemia is the term used to specifically apply to those individuals who present homozygosity for the mutation (Green et al, 1993). In these individuals, long-chain polymers of HbS have the effect of changing the normally smooth, donut-like shape of the red blood cells to a more spiked and rigid shape that makes the cell more susceptible to breakage. People who are heterozygous for the illness are generally carriers, having only one sickle gene and one normal gene that generally makes up for the deficits of the sickle gene. However, when the ‘normal’ gene is also abnormal in some way, other forms of the illness can manifest, typically referred to as compound heterozygous (Green et al, 1993). The sickling effect is caused by a point mutation in which the glutamic acid, a type of amino acid, is replaced with valine, a hydrophobic amino aci d, at the sixth position. When in low oxygen conditions such as being at a high altitude, this causes an aggregation of

Goldilocks Zone Properties Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Goldilocks Zone Properties - Research Paper Example According to a NASA journal titled â€Å"The Goldilocks Zone†, the Goldilocks Zone is very big. The journal also talks about researchers who are trying to extend the regions of the Zone by looking for signs of life in distant planets. Research shows that there are certain organisms that prefer acidic conditions and some that swim in hot boiling water. The journal goes on to talk about ecosystems that have been discovered where the sun never reaches, and there is very hot water enough to melt metal. This means that the Goldilocks zone is very big, and covers areas that might be considered uninhabitable. The aim of this paper is to give a detailed account of the properties of the Goldilocks Zone. One of the Goldilocks zone properties is the presence of liquid water on the surface of the planets (Brian, 2011). The only planet known to contain large water bodies on its surface is the earth and this is where water exists in its liquid form rather than ice (Davies, pp 129-150). Ocea ns, lakes and rivers are surface water bodies which sustain lives of animals that live in water and also humans on earth. Water in the Goldilocks zone should not be too hot to evaporate or too cold to freeze, therefore, in case water evaporates or freezes, all life will vanish. Since earth is at the centre of the Zone, it has a constant water surface whereby the water does not become too hot or too cold to sustain life. Mars is considered to be on the cold side of the zone while Venus is on the hot side hence these two planets are not habitable since their water surface is irregular. Water is able to sustain life by: Transporting materials around the human and animal body and it can resist frequent changes in temperature therefore offering a favorable environment for aquatic animals. Planets with a hydrogen atmosphere such as earth can maintain water flowing no matter the distance from the sun. Once water freezes or boils and lost into space, all earthly life will be lost. Liquid wa ter is a vital property for a region to be classified under the Goldilocks Zone (Brian, 2011). Position to a star determines whether or not a planet has liquid water (Brian, 2011). According to Brian, a star’s energy output, gravitational pull, and size determine the location of the Goldilocks Zone. Compared to other liquids, water has unique properties which make it essential for life (Davies, pp85-103). Oceans and lakes do not freeze rock solid because water expands when it freezes. According to Davies, ice floats on liquid water, and aquatic animals are able to live on the water below. Water can dissolve many substances and it takes a lot of energy to change its temperature. This means that when a region experiences hot temperature, water remains moderately cool, hence sustaining life. Therefore, presence of water in the Goldilocks zone is a fundamental property, since it is able to sustain life during the cold and hot conditions (Davies, pp85-103). As earlier mentioned, E arth falls under the Goldilocks Zone, and the presence of water on Earth gives it its relatively moderate type of weather. Temperature is another property of the Goldilocks Zone and is chiefly affected by climate as the Earth rotates. The orbit of the Earth is circular so when it orbits around the zone, it enables the temperatures to remain steady. This is contrary to planets such as Venus which has an

The Ferrero Group Is A Family Limited Company Marketing Essay

The Ferrero Group Is A Family Limited Company Marketing Essay This paper was written in order to present Ferrero solutions and possible strategies to increase its profit during the period of Christmas 2010, in the UK. The report will comprehend the global chocolate market along with the current trends; with a special highlight on the UK market. First, the situation analysis of the company is the crucial step that will allow us to understand on what the objectives and strategies must be based on. In order to do so, we will undertake a macro and micro environment description and analysis to see how is influenced the company; starting with the company itself, we will define its place in the market, its product line, its culture, and its goals. This will lead us to the study of the collaborators such as the distributors and the suppliers which have a key role in these busy times. Analysing the market size and growth will help us to understand the English customers, their behaviour, their needs and expectations and particularly in such important period. We will also define the appropriate target markets. Certainly, we will also have a look on the competitors of the market; the direct or indirect ones based on their positioning and market shares. And finally a PEST Analysis will help us to understand the current climate and context and the current political, economical, social and technological factors that can have an impact on our objectives. Ferreros budget on this project is  £ 740  000. Based on this budget and on the fact that Christmas count for 40% of the annual sales we expect a 3 % profit increase in comparison with last year. We will give our advices on how implement and control the whole project. Introduction The FERRERO group is a family limited company of the Italian food-processing industry created in 1946 by Pietro Ferrero. The company was founded in 1956 in Alba, Italy. Ferrero ranks today 4th in global confectionery and chocolate. The company is active on five major markets (spreads, dried snacks, chocolate, confectionery and chocolate confectionery pocket), with highly targeted product of international renown such as Nutella, Mon Cheri, Kinder, Ferrero Rock. The company is today employing 21600 people all around the world. Very involved in environmental and social problems, Ferrero is a large sized company which based its success on its core values: fun, innovation, respect for those who manufacture goods and those who consume them, quality and accountability involving all the employees. (MINTEL, 2009) The Corporate Objectives: Peter Drucker in his book Management-Tasks, Responsibilities and Practices suggests that a company should have objectives in each of these goals areas: Market standing Innovation Productivity Physical and financial resources Profitability Management performance and Development Worker performance and attitude Public responsibility Regarding the market standing, Ferrero aims to be leader on the confectionery market. The policy adopted by Ferrero Group is to keep an excellent quality, to be developing markets with products that are unique, different from those of competitors and technologically innovative and have the ability to respond to consumer tastes, whatever their nationality and their age. Over the years, Ferreros policy is to consolidate the position of existing brands, accelerate growth, launching at least one new product every year, always advancing the customer satisfaction invest in the territory and finally promote employment. EXTERNAL MARKETING AUDIT Macro environment PESTE analysis is the tool we used to analyze the strategy macro-external environment within which Ferrero operates. PESTE factors play an important role in value creation opportunities of a strategy. However they are usually beyond the control of the business and must normally be considered as threats or opportunities. (TELLIS,2006) POLITICAL Political factors can affect Ferrero. It could be either an advantage or a disadvantage. Indeed, if taxes increase, therefore consumption decreased and sales of stock decrease. However, if taxes decrease is consumers will probably buy more. Laws and regulations can also affect Ferrero income, especially regarding international trade and food labeling. Also, the Government is very concerned about obesity and is warning the population on the harmful effects of confectionery. ECONOMIC The new Christmas strategy will have to take into account economic factors because they have a strong impact on business. The first factor that could disturb the business is inflation. Prices will go up increasing the production costs of the company but the customers will not agree with paying more money. Also, inflation rates must be involved ina strategy. Indeed, if the interest rates go high then Ferrero will not expand its business. Also if consumers are under pressure due to their loans they would not want to buy unnecessary products. SOCIAL The main social factor which could influence Ferrero business is the current trend of snacking. Indeed, the number of people eating on the go is increasing over the years. Also, any social change taking place outside Ferrero could have an impact on the new strategy. If for example, the birth rate falls, like expectancy will increase. We can suppose that there will be a larger demand on confectionary for middle aged consumers. On the other hand, if the birth rate increases we can assume a larger demand for the young population. Also, diets are a problem. Indeed, all the current studies announced that obesity increases, and will even more in the coming years. This means that demand will decrease, people will prefer a fruit rather than chocolate. Finally, fashion is a contemporaneous factor that changes customers mind and tastes. Even if chocolate is not really the main preoccupation it is still essential to keep in mind that fashion is changing very quickly. Ferrero needs to adapt adverts and promotions in order to keep catching customers attention. TECHNOLOGICAL Today, production is high. This is thanks to high technology machines, quicker and more efficient. Also, factories are enabling high quality mass production. Then, the new ways of communications have improved. Indeed, it is easy and cheap to use Medias such as the internet, magazines, television, newspapers, and the radio to advertise and promote the products. Finally, Internet is still a good place to sell goods, even confectionary ones. This PESTE Analysis allowed us to comprehend the external environment barriers that can affect Ferrero business. This analysis introduces us on the direction that the company should go in order to increase the products success and minimize the cost. We are now going further working on the micro environment factors. Micro-environment The Company What helped Ferrero to reach its position on the international market is based on a few keywords. The first one is the very high quality of each item of their different ranges of products. Actually, the excellence of the raw materials is a determining factor in the companys products performance. Moreover, they are conscious about the fact that being in a long term and strong relationship with the best suppliers is the only mean to offer some of the best products on the market. To make sure that Ferreros products quality meets all the customers expectations and desires, at a reasonable price, Ferrero established a set of rules which constitute its Quality Management System. It is a certification mean applied to standards for raw materials and packaging, choice of suppliers, checking of goods, recipes, production instructionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ In order to reach an entire customer satisfaction, the company worked a lot on its last key success factor: Freshness. To be able to offer the best freshness to each of its product range, Ferrero settled high standards of hygiene and food safety. Being constantly innovating is the last key factor of the brands success. It is evident that Ferreros biggest strength is its continuous research in order to be able to develop and offer new and original products to the consumers. This task is carried out by Soremartec (Socià ©tà © de recherches marketing et technique) whose mission is to study, develop and realize innovative products capable of creating new market sectors, characterized by exclusive ingredients and manufactured using technologically complex production processes. Furthermore, Ferrero is also implied in social issues, environmental causes and cares a lot about food safety. But the companys main characteristic is its way of being GLOCAL. It means that its thinking globally, and its acting locally. That is to say that they are influencing the international market, while taking care about individual localities. These values led the confectionary group to the top, by making its products known and loved by millions of consumers worldwide. Overview of its products Ferreros products are part of the existing chocolate market. Generally, all the products offered are sold at a medium price, and the brand makes the difference playing on the content of the selections. Range of products sold on the market Ferrero classified its product in five categories according to the following logic: Kinder product: the first Ferrero category, is divided itself into three smaller ones: Kinder Bars, such as: Kinder Bueno, Kinder Chocolate, Kinder Maxi,Kinder Country. Chilled Kinders, such as: Kinder Pingui, Kinder Choco Fresh, Kinder Maxi King. Playful Kinder Eggs, such as: Kinder Surprise Kinder Schoko-Bons Ferrero products, is the second category, is made of: Nutella and Duplo products such as Nutella Go, Nutella Snack Drink, the classical Nutella jar and also Duplo and Duplo Nocciolato. As a third category, there are Chocolate products which are presented in transparent boxes: Ferrero Rocks, Raffaello, Mon chà ©ri, Then comes the Sugar Confectionary category, mainly composed of Tic Tac products such as: Tic Tac Tic Tac Silvers Tic Tac King Size Drinks is the last category classifying two Ferrero products: Estathà © and Nutella Snack Drink c. The market The company Ferrero is present on the international market; its geographic distribution is also international. It is a company of large size which invested a lot each year, who obtains a positive growth each year and whose profitability cannot ceases to increase; the subsidiary has seen its turnover multiplied for twelve years. France therefore takes the third place in terms of turnover after Italy and Germany. Ferrero is currently evolving differences on five markets: hazelnuts spread, confectionery chocolate, snacks dry more ultra-fresh, candy pocket, chocolate bars. Our product will position itself therefore on the confectionery market of chocolate. Currently, Ferrrero products located in the category sweets chocolate are at the stage of the maturity. Ferrero group is located in the fourth place in the world in the sector of confectionery. In the UK and over the 2005-2009 period, the consumption (Appendix 1) has increased as well as the total sales in value by an estimated 10%, to  £4.83bn. Chocolate remains the largest of the two main sectors and also showed the highest growth over the period. The Customers Geographical range Ferrero is present in the world, on all continents. Sociodemographic This market being very narrow, Ferrero had tried to expand and make chocolate a food as pleasure according to all. That is why, confectionery shock of Ferrero chocolate are addressed to all ages, all social classes, all nationalities, all religions, all income, all the socio-professional categories, etc. The Ferrero market shares by sector: (Source: ACNNielsen July 2005) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Spreads batter: 89, 2% of the shares of total market: Nutella à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Snacks dry and ultra-fresh: 30,3% of total market shares Dry Kinder (Kinder Dà ©lice), Kinder Ultra-fresh (Kinder Pingui, Kinder Chocofresh, Kinder Happy Time) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Confectionery chocolate: 20% Bars (Kinder Bueno, Kinder Maxi, Kinder Country, Duplo, Mouthful and rocks (Ferrero Rocher, Raffaello, Mon Chà ©ri, Ferrero Prestige Confectionery playful (Kinder Surprise, Kinder Shokobons) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The confectionery pocket: 11, 5% of the shares of total market: TIC TAC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ The chocolate tablets: 3, 2% of the shares of total market: Kinder chocolate Regarding all these segments, Ferrero is very present for children, it must therefore continue on this track because the chocolates pleasing to children but also to parents who buy for children. And if the mothers buy chocolates to children, is that they are seduced and convinced of the quality of Ferrero chocolates. This means therefore that the targets of Ferrero are fair and respected. Ferrero may not only strengthen its segmentation because it is already very developed on all segments. And it should not ignore in any case a small part of a segment. Chocolate is a food consumption of which quality is constantly increasing. In the years 2000, chocolate becomes a means of comfort, of delight, and pleasure of share its mixture bold and sweet highly taste. It is weapons natural style but also a good anti-stress. Each year, the total production in UK is about 380,000 tones, an increase of 33% between 1990 and 2000. Each year, the consumption of chocolate increases by about 3%, for indicative purposes, in 2002, the consumption of a one person was 4, 86 kg per year. It is by helping of such data that we can explain the excellent results in terms of sales and turnover of Ferrero. Competitors Years ago, the God-fearing and abstemious English Quakers were responsible for the early development of chocolate in the UK. They created the foundations of todays leading confectionery conglomerates. Some of the most famous Quakers names in chocolate making are Rowntree, Fry, Cadbury and Terrys. Then the Swiss took advantage of the market with their technical and commercial expertise. They created Nestle, Lindt, and Tobler perfecting the art of chocolate-making on a large scale. Today, the worlds leading chocolate manufacturer is still the Swiss based Nestle. It is followed by the US based Mars Inc. The other major players have almost the same size and each of them has an essential position in different markets. Philip Morris-owned Jacobs Suchard dominates in most of European countries. Cadbury Schweppes is the UK market leader. By 2010, the Total European Chocolate Market Will Reach a Value of $35.4bn, with Germany accounting for a 32% share, followed by the UK with 25%. Nestle, Mars, Ferrero, Jacobs Suchard and Cadbury are the market leaders. (HOOVERS) Also, the chocolate bars like Crunchie, Picnic, Mars, Snickers, Kit Kat and Violet Crumble account for about 40% of chocolate market sales. But it is the emerging markets in Asia, South America and Eastern Europe which offer the greatest growth prospects for the worlds chocolate makers. Asia, hampered by humidity, often inadequate refrigeration and poor distribution, is nevertheless seen as a major growth market due to its sheer size. International rank of Ferrero, in terms of percentage of Sales in value Distributors Ferreros success is based primarily on the success of different brands developed by the group. But, to maintain this level of excellence, Ferrero must anticipate any change and adapt as soon as possible. This involves the establishment of a supply chain is performing particularly well. With all its products, Ferrero uses the normal distribution channels for small, medium and large retailers. Ferrero uses short distribution channels, 1 or 2 intermediate before end user, allowing an increase in awareness and geographic implementation locations. This choice of circuit is essentially due to the large size of Ferrero as well as its relocation. Its leading position gives it a certain assurance of profitability and its distribution is assured by its experience. INTERNAL MARKETING AUDIT Operating results Regarding the entire Ferrero Group, and despite its kitsch reputation in the UK, it ended the 2008-2009 financial year with a consolidated turnover of 6,345 million euros, an increase of 2.1% (+131 million euros) compared with the previous financial year 2007-2008. The Group worldwide includes 38 trading companies, 18 factories and around 21,500 employees. Strategic issues analysis Marketing objectives will allow us the secure the loyalty of our customers and attract those whoo are not yet convinced. Our core competencies and our competitive advantage are all about quality, taste, and customers satisfaction. Our products are positioned as premium confectionery products on the market. This position is due to the high quality and the relative high price of our products. Finally, regarding the segmentation Ferrero is now globally sold to individual consumers and families from all socio-professional categories. Marketing mix effectiveness Products This strange mix of tradition and modernity is a strategy that, in the design, manufacturing and communications products, is avoiding the beaten track. (KOTLER 2003). Ferrero creates few brands, but always on high value-added niche, where they quickly become leaders. That is because Ferrero plays on latent demand. More than products, the Italian group invents new ways of consuming the candy. With Nutella was born the chocolate spread, and forty years later, Ferrero still holds nearly 50% volume share of the English sector. Thanks to Kinder, children discovered their first chocolate. And the five products of the brand (Kinder Surprise, Kinder Country ) now represent nearly 30% of the group turnover. The Patent Secrecy is also well guarded that any new process invented by the laboratories Ferrero is industrialized by its wholly goods. Ferrero products have a longer life cycle and are almost all in the maturity phase. The packaging is changing but without much disruption. For example, t he product Nutella is still sold in a glass jar and the dominant colors are red and black. But now thanks to Ferreros research and innovation system, there is a product especially created for each event. There are Christmas tree Ferrero Rocher boxes, bell boxes for Easter and Maxi Kinder Surprise Eggs for childrens birthdaysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦). Price Several factors explain the relative dearness of the Ferrero products. Firstly, there is a historical factor: their products are almost always the first appearing on the various market segments they covet and they quickly become successful. The group can afford to set a high price. Then there is a need to reward quality factor. Ferrero products achieve to have this unique taste because they are made with the best ingredients. Moreover, being a Group highly focused on innovation, Ferrero supports large costs of R D. Finally, Ferrero products are often quasi-monopoly on the segments they occupy; there is no competition from cost. Ferrero is free to set its prices, there are no substitute products having the same quality. The Ferrero Group products are related to high-end products that appeal, however, all segments of customers. Place With all its products, Ferrero uses the normal distribution channels for small, medium and large retailers. Depending on the size and type of linear switching surface, the end product is more or less present. Ferrero uses short distribution circuits, one or two intermediaries before the final consumer. Ferrero products are easily accessible as customers can purchase them while going shopping, in any retail store. If the customers do not go shopping especially to buy a Ferrero product, it can become a purchase on impulse, as generally, on special occasions, these products are settled in end-aisle displays to be visible. Promotion The communication strategy is at hand. Not that advertising is neglected, in Italy the Group is the 2nd of advertisers on TV behind Procter Gamble, all brands and all media. Ferrero spent last year around  £11 million a year in the UK advertising its brands. Ferrero Rocher for example has invested over the past 20 years, more than  £50 million in adverting in the UK.A strong past activity in the UK included a tie-up with The Simpsons. But Ferrero has never forgotten his rural roots, is very down to earth: the product, just the product. Advertising extols the nutritional benefits the Kinder, is more milk and less cocoa. It even explains how to eat the egg. Like all other links in the chain, and contrary to what happens in many other food groups, advertising is an integrated service of the company, which has its own management, Pubbliregia. With a golden rule: Never call on behalf of Ferrero. Because the label is hidden behind Ferrero brands. SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT ANALYSIS STRENGTHS WEAKNESSES INTERNAL ANALYSIS -Awareness of the brands High quality of the products it offers. Constant political revolution of marketing. Great capacity to meet demand. Innovation research/technology Strong dependence on many suppliers Probability of lack of control by the heavy dependence on many providers. OPPORTUNITIES THREATS EXTERNAL ANALYSIS Easy to buy: easily accessible for the customers. Considered as an ideal product for gifting. New flavors Emerging markets. Health regulations Strong competitors/Imitation Internal Environment Description of the Internal Environment is based on strengths and weaknesses. First, regarding the strengths, one of the essential assets that Ferrero possess is the quality of the chocolate. Quality remains the same over the years. Ferrero knows its customers and is able to perfectly meet the demand. Also, regarding RD, continuous researches are done aiming at developing new and original products by Soremartec (Marketing Consulting Agency). Ferrero invest every year in bringing technical and organizational innovation to the production line. Indeed, the uniquely shaped components of Ferrero required the design and construction of unique machinery, not available on the market. On the other hand, Ferrero has a strong dependence on its suppliers (cocoa suppliers for instance). This strong dependence result that the company may have to interrupt its production if the providers do not supply raw materials. This could result to a lack of control then. External Environment The external environment consists of Opportunities and Threats. The main opportunity is the easy access of the product. Customer can find at least one Ferrero products wherever he goes. Ferrero products are considered as an ideal product for gifting (Christmas or Eastern). It is a kind of tradition that will not change soon. However, the introduction on new flavors will help in gaining more market share. Finally, the emergent countries such as China or India are more and more willing to eat as the Western World. On the other hand, new health regulations such as anti-obesity campaigns for instance can have an impact on the chocolate consumption. Also, even if Ferrero is a leader, there are some strong competitors on the market. Some of them are working with the same technology and high quality end products; there is a risk of imitation. MARKETING STRATEGY Target Market For next Christmas 2010, our objective is to put together all our previous segmentations. This trial will last only for a short time (1month). Kinder Surprise and Ferrero Rocher are the top Christmas chocolate gifts. We decided to first target the young audience with children, who will have an impact on their parents decision making process. But we will still target adults and parents (especially mothers), as the price will not be affordable by young people. Marketing Mix Product For next Christmas 2010 the main preoccupation is to assemble people together. The product will a limited edition of Christmas tree made in Kinder chocolate around 1.4 feet height. The tree will be decorated with six Ferrero Rochers and six Moncheri chocolates, by way of ornaments and baubles. The offer will start on the 1st December and will end on the 27th. We will hide 10 little Golden Stars in the whole English production trees. Each Golden star offers a family trip to Dominican Republic for New Years Eve. Price Looking at the competition and our other prices for example during eastern, we will set our price at  £22/Christmas tree. Place Customers will be able to find this product in everyplace where Ferrero already is (Hypermarket, Supermarket, Convenience stores). Also, we will organize in every point of sales within the supermarkets, a special display stand where the trees will be exposed. The offer will be visible on a promotional banner. Promotion In order to promote the tree, we will first use mass media such as television and radio. As we do not have a lot of time, we need to be quick with our communication. On TV we will create a special advert in a Christmas spirit. But we will put together all the three worlds in the ad (the young Kinder, the gourmand Ferrero Rocher, and the subtle Monchà ©ri). We could adapt the famous catchphrase Christmas isnt Christmas without Ferrero by adding together. Together define the Christmas atmosphere, a kind of love one for family and friends. At the end a special flash will announce our special Sunny Christmas offer. On radio, a special short spot will be broadcasted explaining the offer. Positioning brand The positioning must be done according to competitive offers. It is important to differentiate its product or service in the minds of consumers especially in such busy period. According to Kotler et al 2009 matrix (Appendix 3) our Ferrero product is a high quality product with a quite high price. The positioning must be as a premium brand. Indeed the brand is quite expensive in comparison with other chocolates that customer can find. Implementation and Control Budget We will produce 100  000 Christmas trees for the UK market. Our cost of production are estimated at  £150  000. We assume another  £150  000 in order to distribute the product on the whole market. We will need a total  £400  000 for the all the promotion. In order to launch on the radio the advertisement  £25000 are required. The same amount will be necessary to publish the our newspapers campaigns. The display stands will have a cost of  £40  000. Or TV advertisement will cost  £300  000. Finally our special 10 sunny trips offered will cost  £40  000. If all stars are not discovered before the 26th of December, trips will be offered to a children care association. (See appendix 3) Roll on time table Our product manager Dave Tucker and his team will be in charge of the design of the product Our marketing manager Nell McIntosh will be in charge of distribution and promotion of our all concept. Our financial services in collaboration with the production and marketing department will manage the price strategy. Our product will be advertised 15 days before the launching. The offer starts on the first of December and stops the 26th. The aim is to urge people to buy the Christmas tree to introduce all the Ferrero worlds within families. Monitor and Evaluation We will first analyze sales and financial results and comparing them to our projections. If results are positive we will improve the idea next year. If not, we will undertake corrective actions. But analysis the sales is not enough to reveal how well a company is performing among the competitors. Then we will analyze the market shares Then, we will check either the advertising had a catching impact on our customers by post marketing survey and researches. Finally, we will organize some store checks enquiring about the customers satisfaction. These surveys will be conducted in 10 stores asking for their feelings regarding the product, the allocation of shelf space, the price and the promotions underway. BIBLIOGRAPHY Anderson E. and Simester D. (2003) Mind your pricing cues, Harvard Business Review, September. Berger W (2003) Thats advertainment, Business 2.0, March. Brown S. (2001) Torment your customers (theyll love it), Harvard Business Review, September-October. Codol J.P, Tap P.(1988) Revue internationale de psychologie sociale, n ° 2. Dhar R and Glazer R. (2003) Hedging customers, Harvard Business Review, May. Dubois B. (1998) Lart du Marketing, Village Mondial. Drucker P. (1975) Management-Tasks, Responsabilities and Practice. Eliott S. (2006) Letting customers control marketing  : priceless, New York Times, 9 October. Johnson M.D. (2004) Customer portfolio management, Journal of Marketing. Kapferer J.N. (1995) Les marques, capital de lentreprise, Les Editions dorganisation. Kotler Ph.(1967) Marketing Management  : Analysis, planning and control, Prentice Hall. Kotler, Philip (2003) Marketing Management, Prentice Hall. Lendrevie J, Lindon D, (2006) Mercator, 8à ¨me à ©d, Dunod. Malcolm McDonald (2007) Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, How to Use Them. Mintel (2010) Chocolate Confectionary, UK. Mintel (2010) Seasonal and Boxes chocolate, UK. Nagle T.T. and Holden R.K. (2002) The strategy and Tactics of Pricing, 3rd edition. Nohria N. (2003) What really works, Harvard Business Review, 81. Pieters R; and Wedel M (2004) Attention capture and transfer in advertising: brand, pictorial, and text-size effects, Journal of marketing. Sangera A. (2005) Too many mission statements, Financial Times, 22 July. Tellis G.T (2000) Which ad works, when, where, and how often? Modeling the effects of direct television advertising, Journal of Marketing Research. Tellis G.T. (2006) Modeling marketing mix, Handbook of marketing research. Underhill P (2000) La Science du Shopping, comment le merchandising influence lachat, Village Mondial. Vettraino-Soulard M.C. (2000) Luxe et publicità ©, Retz. Appendix 1: Western Europe: Consumer expenditure on chocolate confectionery by country (2007)

Funding Hs Sports

State and Federal Aid Brian Alday, Moises Duran, Nuris Finkenthal, and Eric Rossi Grand Canyon University: EDA 535- Public School Finance November 28, 2012 In the last few years our nation has been faced with enormous budget constraints. Nearly every state has either reduced education funding or has maintained funding at a certain level due to the economic downturn of the nation. School districts have needed to find ways to do more with less, especially in the Sunnyside Unified School District. Most of the funding in our district goes toward technology.Although technology is a big part of our 21st Century goals, over funding for one area has been detrimental for our athletic programs. This poses a problem because athletics can be an incentive for students and can encourage them to keep up academically to stay eligible to play. Another important aspect of sports is that it teaches valuable life skills such as adversity, teamwork, integrity, honesty, and responsibility. Sports also bui ld school spirit for both athletes and non-athletes. For these reasons it is important that we keep high school athletics going for students and schools.To improve athletic funding, as an administrator reaching out to local businesses, implementing fundraising campaigns, and organizing booster clubs would be best to financially support the athletic programs at the school. As an administrator it is important to be aware of the schools demographics as well as the school communities needs. The Sunnyside Unified School District has a large number of low-income families, single parent families, and families in which parents have to work two or three jobs to support their families.Asking parents to pay more money for their children to participate in sports is out of the question (even though our district has the lowest participation fees in the state). An avenue that could help raise money for athletics would be to find local businesses around the community to help support athletic progra ms. â€Å"High schools and other educational institutes everywhere are seeking corporate sponsorship because of district budget cuts, program budgets cuts, and state funding cuts (King, 2006; Pennington, 2004). † As administrator it would be behoove of them to arket their school and create partnerships with local businesses to fund athletic programs. Collaboration between corporate businesses and schools may help build newfound support within the community for its students, its schools, and its programs. With this type of partnership schools can focus on improving academics and athletics, while proving to be beneficial for the local business. Local business can use their donations as tax deductions and will demonstrate their invested philanthropic efforts in the community.The daunting reality is that fundraising and schools alone can’t always support athletic programs, â€Å"so schools have turned to nontraditional sources, like sponsorship† (King, 2006; Licktei g, 2003). Support within our community is a must in order for our students to succeed. High schools can use corporate sponsorship to keep their athletic programs afloat and for growth. Although coaches are to develop students’ athletic abilities, they oftentimes turn to players to help them in fundraising efforts.Coaches have to find different ways of fundraising, whether it’s through car washes, cookie dough sales or value cards, these fundraising endeavors help their teams pay for better equipment and gear that will give their team a winning edge. In a perfect world each program would be able to self-sustain expenses for their own equipment, but unfortunately that is not the case for the staff at Desert View. The traditional way of using capital funds is for each sport receives capital monies every 3 years.This is not nearly enough to sustain yearly tournament fees, uniforms, equipment and out of town trips to play other elite teams in the state. Fundraising is not a n easy task especially if the players and parents do not buy into what the coach is trying to do. As an administrator a plan would be proposed for all athletic teams to fundraise together, this would eliminate competition between athletic teams within one school site and there would be less conflict of teams selling the same items for their teams.Also all monies would be deposited into one athletic account, which is then distributed evenly to all athletic programs. All athletic programs would be mandated to attend and participate in all fundraising events. To help plan and carry out these events, a Jag Booster club would be created and comprised of parents from each sports team. The booster club would meet once or twice a month to: go over budget plans, create new fundraising ideas, set schedules for different teams to host the snack bar for up-coming athletic events, etc.The Jag Booster club would help alleviate all the pressures from the coach and athletic director by taking on th ese fundraising roles. The booster club would also oversee any special requests by coaches who ask for more funds for certain equipment and/or for trips. The ultimate decisions will be based upon the discretion of booster club to what will be in the best interest for the entire athletic program. Not only will it get more parental involvement within our schools, but it will also bring our sports programs together to build one common goal of raising funds for all of the athletics.In conclusion, though our school district is facing many budgetary constraints, implementing local business sponsorships, creating fundraising campaigns, and building an overall team booster club, our athletic programs will be able to become more effective in the way we raise funds for not only one program, but all programs, thus allowing coaches to concentrate on coaching, students to concentrate on being student-athletes and achieving excellenceReferences Pennington, B. (2004, Oct. 18). Reading, writing and corporate Sponsorships. New York Times, p. 1 Lickteig, Melissa. (2003). Brand-name schools: The deceptive lure of corporate-school partnerships. The Educational Forum, 68, no. 1, p. 44-51. King, David. (2006, November 30). In hunt for revenue, high schools turn to advertising. San Antonio Express News, 2006. Retrieved February 22, 2007, from Lexis Nexis Academic Database.

Family Environment and Delinquency Essay

When a child loses a parent through death, desertion, divorce, or long separation, some form of deprivation is bound to result. Where, as is generally the case, the male parent is missing, the child is placed under an obvious economic handicap. Absence of either parent may also cause a certain affectional loss for the child. In addition, the complementary control, example, and guidance given by both parents are wanting and complete socialization of the child is rendered more difficult. At the death of a parent no cultural opposition is imposed upon the situation. Rather, social and economic assistance both public and private is readily forthcoming. Furthermore, the acquisition of a stepparent through remarriage of the remaining parent may even reestablish something of a family norm for the bereaved child. But, in cases of desertion and divorce (and illegitimacy) we have an entirely different set of circumstances. Here we frequently find the child exposed to a highly emotionalized atmosphere of discontent and discord. The child most often remains with the mother only, financial support may be withheld by the father, or the parents may fight over the child’s custody. In case of desertion no new father may legally become part of the child’s home. And the subtle challenge of public disapproval of the family situation and the psychological impact of a seeming rejection by one’s parents may becloud the child’s outlook. Divorce in many cases is indeed simply a formal recognition or acknowledgement of an already socially broken home, and it is generally appreciated that the home in constant discord might cause the child more harm than if the parental relationship were severed. Such reasoning has merit, but, interestingly enough, this argument has been used to justify divorce rather than to plead for the rehabilitation or prevention of unhappy families. Such a viewpoint, it should also be noted, contradicts another social philosophy which holds that even a bad home is better than no home at all for the child. There are many varieties of broken homes and many correspondingly different kinds of family relationships involved. Even the social disparateness in family structure which results from long-term hospitalization, military service, or employment of the breadwinner away from home, may bring about some serious consequences for the members of a family. On the other hand, the conventional family structure may cloak a host of baneful influences or situations harmful to a child’s wholesome development. To say it in another way, all broken homes are not bad ones, and all conventional types are not good ones. This article is not concerned with a delineation of all possible types of homes and their effect on children, but rather it is restricted to a consideration of the more evident types of broken homes as they relate to children who are apprehended for committing delinquent acts. With the establishment of juvenile courts in the United States around 1900 and the compilation of social statistics on youth who were brought before these courts, observers were struck by the high proportion–40 to 50 percent–of all delinquent children who came from broken homes. Since it was far beyond normal expectancy that such a proportion of all youth was similarly disadvantaged, early writers saw broken homes to be an important, if not the greatest single proximate (causal) factor in understanding juvenile delinquency. There was no denial that the broken home was only one of a number of factors to take into account and that the age of the child and the quality of the home life, as well as the mere fact of a break, were important. A number of studies have shown, however, that abnormal or defective family relationships are much more prevalent among families of delinquent children than among families of comparable children who do not become delinquent. This aspect of the matter is a subject unto itself. Not counting the statistical tabulations of many juvenile courts over the years, dozens of studies have been made which deal with the broken home and juvenile delinquency or crime. Some of the early studies attempted to estimate the proportion of broken homes in the population at large from existing census data, to use for a comparison with their special groups of delinquent or institutionalized children. A common conclusion was that delinquent children had about twice the proportion of broken homes as did children in the general population. A few comparisons were made of boys in the same school or city area, revealing a greater prevalence of broken homes among the delinquent group; while one such comparison of several groups of children in 1918 suggested that more orphans were found in the delinquent group. The first major attempt at a controlled comparison was made by Slawson in 1923, using delinquent boys in four state institutions and boys in three New York City public schools, from which he concluded that there were over twice as many broken homes in his delinquent group.6 Concurrently, in England, Cyril Burt analyzed a group of misbehaving (â€Å"delinquent†) children and public school children of the same age and social class. Although his classification of â€Å"defective family relationships† included other factors besides the broken home, he, too, found the problem children to be doubly disfavored. And, in 1929, Mabel Elliott compared the family structure of her group of Sleighton Farm girls mostly sex offenders with that of a group of Philadelphia working-class continuation school girls, revealing the respective proportions of broken homes to be 52 and 22 percent. Even greater refinement was introduced into the question by Shaw and McKay when they compared boys against whom official delinquency petitions were filed in the juvenile court of Chicago in 1929, with other boys drawn from the public school population of the same city areas. They found that a rather high proportion (29 percent) of the school boys 10 to 17 years of age came from broken homes. After the school population data were carefully adjusted statistically for age and ethnic composition to make them comparable with the delinquent group, the proportion of broken homes rose to 36.1 percent for the school group, as compared to 42.5 percent for the delinquent boys. This result, as Shaw and McKay interpreted it, â€Å"suggests that the broken home, as such, is not an important factor in the case of delinquent boys in the Cook County juvenile court,† while other writers further interpreted the findings as showing that broken homes generally are â€Å"relatively insignificant in relation to delinquency.† Even accepting the above figures for Chicago, mathematical exception has been taken to such interpretations. From an over-all viewpoint it is well to remember that a large proportion of children from broken homes do not become delinquent, but this hardly refutes the inescapable fact that more children from broken homes, as compared to unbroken homes, become delinquent. Even among families having delinquents, siblings are more often delinquent in the broken family group. For the social analyst, the broken home may be regarded either as a symptom or as a consequence of a larger process, but for the child it becomes a social fact with which he has to abide. In a very real sense the abnormal structure of his family may impede his own normal adjustment and in some cases may bring him into conflict with the requirements of the larger society, more so than if he were surrounded by a conventional family milieu. That so many children surpass this handicap is an exemplification of their own resilience and a demonstration of the presence of other forces acting towards the child’s socialization in the community, rather than a proof of the unimportance of normal family life in the development of norms of conduct or the unimportance of the handicaps experienced by me child in the broken home. In former years when divorce was less common and desertion less apparent perhaps, broken homes were probably thought to be largely a result of the death of a parent. The material and other losses to such children may not have been readily perceived. How such a simple event as death could wreak enduring havoc with the child’s development was difficult to discern. Hence, disbelief in the importance of orphan hood as to delinquency causation, coupled with the very unsatisfactory nature of the early studies, no doubt led some sociologists to take exception to the prevailing beliefs and to question the whole relationship. A convergence of information from the other disciplines as to the deleterious effects of divorce and desertion or family separations upon the child, as well as a psychological appreciation of the different nature of these types of family disruption, brought a more unanimous acknowledgment of the importance of the socially broken home. In some quarters the recent â€Å"wave† of delinquency has been interpreted to be a result of the growth of divorce and separation. However, information on the particular family relationships of children in the community and those who become delinquent are generally lacking. We know that over the past 50 years there has been a lessening of orphan hood through improvement in life expectancy, and an upward rise in family dissolutions through desertion and divorce, until now there seems to have been a reversal in the relative importance of the two factors of death and social discord in the breaking up of a child’s family. Oddly enough, in spite of the change in the nature of broken homes the high over-all proportion of delinquent children from broken homes apparently has not changed significantly. One large minority in the population consistently shows twice the average rate of socially broken homes and twice the average rate of delinquency. Other groups with strong family cohesiveness show below average rates of delinquency. Such apparent associations cannot be dismissed as happenstance. On the whole very little disagreement has been expressed over the probable harmful influence of the socially broken home on the child. This does not gainsay, however, the deprivation consequent to the loss of a parent through death. Indeed, the same high proportions of delinquents were found to come from broken homes more than a generation ago when orphan hood loomed larger as the reason for family disruption. Of even more importance to the child than the nature of the break is the fact of a break in his home. All in all, the stability and continuity of family life stands out as a most important factor in the development of the child. It would seem, therefore, that the place of the home in the genesis of normal or delinquent patterns of behavior should receive greater practical recognition. The relationship is so strong that, if ways could be found to do it, a strengthening and preserving of family life, among the groups which need it most, could probably accomplish more in the amelioration and prevention of delinquency and other problems than any other single program yet devised. If delinquency is more likely to occur in a disorganized family than in a â€Å"normal† one, the family situation may somehow create the delinquency. But how? Perhaps a disorganized family tends to produce children with sick personalities, and sick personalities have unusual difficulty conforming to social rules. On some such assumptions consensus appeared possible on the causal connection between family disorganization and delinquency. Then Shaw and McKay suggested, after a comparison of the incidence of broken homes among Chicago schoolboys and male juvenile delinquents, â€Å". . . That the broken home as such [does not seem to be] a significant causal factor in cases of delinquent boys brought before Cook County Juvenile Court.† To many, this study seemed to imply that the family, an institution so important in the socialization process, was irrelevant to delinquency. The authors of the study did not draw so radical an inference from their data. Although the formal break in the family may not in itself be an important determining factor, it is probable that the conflicts, tensions, and attitudes which precipitate the disorganization may contribute materially to the development of the delinquency and the personality problems of the child. The actual divorce or separation of the parents may not be so important a factor in the life of the child as the emotional conflicts which have resulted in the break in the family relationships.